Writing Test 3

Passage 1 is adapted from Michael Slezak, "Space Mining:
the Next Gold Rush?" 2013 by New Scientist. Passage 2 is
from the editors of New Scientist, Taming the Final
Frontier." 2013 by New Scientist.
          Passage 1
          Follow the money and you will end up in space.
          That's the message from a first-of-its-kind forum on
          mining beyond Earth.
Line      Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for
  5       Space Engineering Research, the event brought
          together mining companies, robotics experts, lunar
          scientists, and government agencies that are all
          working to make space mining a reality.
          The forum comes hot on the heels of the
  10      2012 unveiling of two private asteroid-mining firms.
          Planetary Resources of Washington says it will
          launch its first prospecting telescopes in two years,
          while Deep Space Industries of Virginia hopes to be
          harvesting metals from asteroids by 2020. Another
  15      commercial venture that sprung up in 2012,
          Golden Spike of Colorado, will be offering trips to
          the moon, including to potential lunar miners.
          Within a few decades, these firms may be
          meeting earthly demands for precious metals, such as
  20      platinum and gold, and the rare earth elements vital
          for personal electronics, such as yttrium and
          lanthanum. But like the gold rush pioneers who
          transformed the western United States, the first space
          miners won't just enrich themselves. They also hope
  25      to build an off-planet economy free of any bonds
          with Earth, in which the materials extracted and
          processed from the moon and asteroids are delivered
          for space-based projects.
          In this scenario, water mined from other
  30      worlds could become the most desired commodity.
          "In the desert, whats worth more: a kilogram of gold
          or a kilogram of water?" asks Kris Zacny of
          HoneyBee Robotics in New York. "Gold is useless.
          Water will let you live."
  35      Water ice from the moons poles could be sent to
          astronauts on the International Space Station for
          drinking or as a radiation shield. Splitting water into
          oxygen and hydrogen makes spacecraft fuel, so
          ice-rich asteroids could become interplanetary
  40      refuelling stations.
          Companies are eyeing the iron, silicon, and
          aluminium in lunar soil and asteroids, which could
          be used in 3D printers to make spare parts or
          machinery. Others want to turn space dirt into
  45      concrete for landing pads, shelters, and roads.

          Passage 2
          The motivation for deep-space travel is shifting
          from discovery to economics. The past year has seen
          a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches
          down to Earth. No doubt this will make a few
  50      billionaires even wealthier, but we all stand to gain:
          the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could
          enrich us all.
          But before the miners start firing up their rockets,
          we should pause for thought. At first glance, space
  55      mining seems to sidestep most environmental
          concerns: there is (probably!) no life on asteroids,
          and thus no habitats to trash. But its consequences
          --both here on Earth and in space--merit careful
          consideration.
  60      Part of this is about principles. Some will argue
          that space's "magnificent desolation" is not ours to
          despoil, just as they argue that our own planets poles
          should remain pristine. Others will suggest that
          glutting ourselves on spaces riches is not an
  65      acceptable alternative to developing more sustainable
          ways of earthly life.
          History suggests that those will be hard lines to
          hold, and it may be difficult to persuade the public
          that such barren environments are worth preserving.
  70      After all, they exist in vast abundance, and even
          fewer people will experience them than have walked
          through Antarctica's icy landscapes.
          There's also the emerging off-world economy to
          consider. The resources that are valuable in orbit and
  75      beyond may be very different to those we prize on
          Earth. Questions of their stewardship have barely
          been broached--and the relevant legal and regulatory
          framework is fragmentary, to put it mildly.
          Space miners, like their earthly counterparts, are
  80      often reluctant to engage with such questions.
          One speaker at last weeks space-mining forum in
          Sydney, Australia, concluded with a plea that
          regulation should be avoided. But miners have much
          to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit
  85      exploitation of space. Without consensus, claims will
          be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made
          insecure. It is in all of our long-term interests to seek
          one out.

Passage 1 is adapted from Michael Slezak, "Space Mining:
the Next Gold Rush?" 2013 by New Scientist. Passage 2 is
from the editors of New Scientist, Taming the Final
Frontier." 2013 by New Scientist.
          Passage 1
          Follow the money and you will end up in space.
          That's the message from a first-of-its-kind forum on
          mining beyond Earth.
Line      Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for
  5       Space Engineering Research, the event brought
          together mining companies, robotics experts, lunar
          scientists, and government agencies that are all
          working to make space mining a reality.
          The forum comes hot on the heels of the
  10      2012 unveiling of two private asteroid-mining firms.
          Planetary Resources of Washington says it will
          launch its first prospecting telescopes in two years,
          while Deep Space Industries of Virginia hopes to be
          harvesting metals from asteroids by 2020. Another
  15      commercial venture that sprung up in 2012,
          Golden Spike of Colorado, will be offering trips to
          the moon, including to potential lunar miners.
          Within a few decades, these firms may be
          meeting earthly demands for precious metals, such as
  20      platinum and gold, and the rare earth elements vital
          for personal electronics, such as yttrium and
          lanthanum. But like the gold rush pioneers who
          transformed the western United States, the first space
          miners won't just enrich themselves. They also hope
  25      to build an off-planet economy free of any bonds
          with Earth, in which the materials extracted and
          processed from the moon and asteroids are delivered
          for space-based projects.
          In this scenario, water mined from other
  30      worlds could become the most desired commodity.
          "In the desert, whats worth more: a kilogram of gold
          or a kilogram of water?" asks Kris Zacny of
          HoneyBee Robotics in New York. "Gold is useless.
          Water will let you live."
  35      Water ice from the moons poles could be sent to
          astronauts on the International Space Station for
          drinking or as a radiation shield. Splitting water into
          oxygen and hydrogen makes spacecraft fuel, so
          ice-rich asteroids could become interplanetary
  40      refuelling stations.
          Companies are eyeing the iron, silicon, and
          aluminium in lunar soil and asteroids, which could
          be used in 3D printers to make spare parts or
          machinery. Others want to turn space dirt into
  45      concrete for landing pads, shelters, and roads.

          Passage 2
          The motivation for deep-space travel is shifting
          from discovery to economics. The past year has seen
          a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches
          down to Earth. No doubt this will make a few
  50      billionaires even wealthier, but we all stand to gain:
          the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could
          enrich us all.
          But before the miners start firing up their rockets,
          we should pause for thought. At first glance, space
  55      mining seems to sidestep most environmental
          concerns: there is (probably!) no life on asteroids,
          and thus no habitats to trash. But its consequences
          --both here on Earth and in space--merit careful
          consideration.
  60      Part of this is about principles. Some will argue
          that space's "magnificent desolation" is not ours to
          despoil, just as they argue that our own planets poles
          should remain pristine. Others will suggest that
          glutting ourselves on spaces riches is not an
  65      acceptable alternative to developing more sustainable
          ways of earthly life.
          History suggests that those will be hard lines to
          hold, and it may be difficult to persuade the public
          that such barren environments are worth preserving.
  70      After all, they exist in vast abundance, and even
          fewer people will experience them than have walked
          through Antarctica's icy landscapes.
          There's also the emerging off-world economy to
          consider. The resources that are valuable in orbit and
  75      beyond may be very different to those we prize on
          Earth. Questions of their stewardship have barely
          been broached--and the relevant legal and regulatory
          framework is fragmentary, to put it mildly.
          Space miners, like their earthly counterparts, are
  80      often reluctant to engage with such questions.
          One speaker at last weeks space-mining forum in
          Sydney, Australia, concluded with a plea that
          regulation should be avoided. But miners have much
          to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit
  85      exploitation of space. Without consensus, claims will
          be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made
          insecure. It is in all of our long-term interests to seek
          one out.

Whey to Go Greek yogurt--a strained form of cultured yogurt--has grown enormously in popularity in the United States since it was first introduced in the country in the late 1980s. From 2011 to 2012 alone, sales of Greek yogurt in the US increased by 50 percent. The resulting increase in Greek yogurt production has forced those involved in the business to address the detrimental effects that the yogurt-making process may be having on the environment. Fortunately, farmers and others in the Greek yogurt business have found many methods of controlling and eliminating most environmental threats. Given these solutions as well as the many health benefits of the food, the advantages of Greek yogurt [1] outdo the potential drawbacks of its production. [1] The main environmental problem caused by the production of Greek yogurt is the creation of acid whey as a by-product. [2] Because it requires up to four times more milk to make than conventional yogurt does, Greek yogurt produces larger amounts of acid whey, which is difficult to dispose of. [3] To address the problem of disposal, farmers have found a number of uses for acid whey. [4] They can add it to livestock feed as a protein [2] supplement, and people can make their own Greek-style yogurt at home by straining regular yogurt. [5] If it is improperly introduced into the environment, acid-whey runoff [3] can pollute waterways, depleting the oxygen content of streams and rivers as it decomposes. [6] Yogurt manufacturers, food [4] scientists; and government officials are also working together to develop additional solutions for reusing whey. [5] [6] Though these conservation methods can be costly and time-consuming, they are well worth the effort. Nutritionists consider Greek yogurt to be a healthy food: it is an excellent source of calcium and protein, serves [7] to be a digestive aid, and [8] it contains few calories in its unsweetened low- and non-fat forms. Greek yogurt is slightly lower in sugar and carbohydrates than conventional yogurt is. [9] Also, because it is more concentrated, Greek yogurt contains slightly more protein per serving, thereby helping people stay [10] satiated for longer periods of time. These health benefits have prompted Greek yogurts recent surge in popularity. In fact, Greek yogurt can be found in an
increasing number of products such as snack food and frozen desserts. Because consumers reap the nutritional benefits of Greek yogurt and support those who make and sell [11] it, therefore farmers and businesses should continue finding safe and effective methods of producing
the food.

Whey to Go Greek yogurt--a strained form of cultured yogurt--has grown enormously in popularity in the United States since it was first introduced in the country in the late 1980s. From 2011 to 2012 alone, sales of Greek yogurt in the US increased by 50 percent. The resulting increase in Greek yogurt production has forced those involved in the business to address the detrimental effects that the yogurt-making process may be having on the environment. Fortunately, farmers and others in the Greek yogurt business have found many methods of controlling and eliminating most environmental threats. Given these solutions as well as the many health benefits of the food, the advantages of Greek yogurt [1] outdo the potential drawbacks of its production. [1] The main environmental problem caused by the production of Greek yogurt is the creation of acid whey as a by-product. [2] Because it requires up to four times more milk to make than conventional yogurt does, Greek yogurt produces larger amounts of acid whey, which is difficult to dispose of. [3] To address the problem of disposal, farmers have found a number of uses for acid whey. [4] They can add it to livestock feed as a protein [2] supplement, and people can make their own Greek-style yogurt at home by straining regular yogurt. [5] If it is improperly introduced into the environment, acid-whey runoff [3] can pollute waterways, depleting the oxygen content of streams and rivers as it decomposes. [6] Yogurt manufacturers, food [4] scientists; and government officials are also working together to develop additional solutions for reusing whey. [5] [6] Though these conservation methods can be costly and time-consuming, they are well worth the effort. Nutritionists consider Greek yogurt to be a healthy food: it is an excellent source of calcium and protein, serves [7] to be a digestive aid, and [8] it contains few calories in its unsweetened low- and non-fat forms. Greek yogurt is slightly lower in sugar and carbohydrates than conventional yogurt is. [9] Also, because it is more concentrated, Greek yogurt contains slightly more protein per serving, thereby helping people stay [10] satiated for longer periods of time. These health benefits have prompted Greek yogurts recent surge in popularity. In fact, Greek yogurt can be found in an
increasing number of products such as snack food and frozen desserts. Because consumers reap the nutritional benefits of Greek yogurt and support those who make and sell [11] it, therefore farmers and businesses should continue finding safe and effective methods of producing
the food.

Passage 1 is adapted from Michael Slezak, "Space Mining:
the Next Gold Rush?" 2013 by New Scientist. Passage 2 is
from the editors of New Scientist, Taming the Final
Frontier." 2013 by New Scientist.
          Passage 1
          Follow the money and you will end up in space.
          That's the message from a first-of-its-kind forum on
          mining beyond Earth.
Line      Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for
  5       Space Engineering Research, the event brought
          together mining companies, robotics experts, lunar
          scientists, and government agencies that are all
          working to make space mining a reality.
          The forum comes hot on the heels of the
  10      2012 unveiling of two private asteroid-mining firms.
          Planetary Resources of Washington says it will
          launch its first prospecting telescopes in two years,
          while Deep Space Industries of Virginia hopes to be
          harvesting metals from asteroids by 2020. Another
  15      commercial venture that sprung up in 2012,
          Golden Spike of Colorado, will be offering trips to
          the moon, including to potential lunar miners.
          Within a few decades, these firms may be
          meeting earthly demands for precious metals, such as
  20      platinum and gold, and the rare earth elements vital
          for personal electronics, such as yttrium and
          lanthanum. But like the gold rush pioneers who
          transformed the western United States, the first space
          miners won't just enrich themselves. They also hope
  25      to build an off-planet economy free of any bonds
          with Earth, in which the materials extracted and
          processed from the moon and asteroids are delivered
          for space-based projects.
          In this scenario, water mined from other
  30      worlds could become the most desired commodity.
          "In the desert, whats worth more: a kilogram of gold
          or a kilogram of water?" asks Kris Zacny of
          HoneyBee Robotics in New York. "Gold is useless.
          Water will let you live."
  35      Water ice from the moons poles could be sent to
          astronauts on the International Space Station for
          drinking or as a radiation shield. Splitting water into
          oxygen and hydrogen makes spacecraft fuel, so
          ice-rich asteroids could become interplanetary
  40      refuelling stations.
          Companies are eyeing the iron, silicon, and
          aluminium in lunar soil and asteroids, which could
          be used in 3D printers to make spare parts or
          machinery. Others want to turn space dirt into
  45      concrete for landing pads, shelters, and roads.

          Passage 2
          The motivation for deep-space travel is shifting
          from discovery to economics. The past year has seen
          a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches
          down to Earth. No doubt this will make a few
  50      billionaires even wealthier, but we all stand to gain:
          the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could
          enrich us all.
          But before the miners start firing up their rockets,
          we should pause for thought. At first glance, space
  55      mining seems to sidestep most environmental
          concerns: there is (probably!) no life on asteroids,
          and thus no habitats to trash. But its consequences
          --both here on Earth and in space--merit careful
          consideration.
  60      Part of this is about principles. Some will argue
          that space's "magnificent desolation" is not ours to
          despoil, just as they argue that our own planets poles
          should remain pristine. Others will suggest that
          glutting ourselves on spaces riches is not an
  65      acceptable alternative to developing more sustainable
          ways of earthly life.
          History suggests that those will be hard lines to
          hold, and it may be difficult to persuade the public
          that such barren environments are worth preserving.
  70      After all, they exist in vast abundance, and even
          fewer people will experience them than have walked
          through Antarctica's icy landscapes.
          There's also the emerging off-world economy to
          consider. The resources that are valuable in orbit and
  75      beyond may be very different to those we prize on
          Earth. Questions of their stewardship have barely
          been broached--and the relevant legal and regulatory
          framework is fragmentary, to put it mildly.
          Space miners, like their earthly counterparts, are
  80      often reluctant to engage with such questions.
          One speaker at last weeks space-mining forum in
          Sydney, Australia, concluded with a plea that
          regulation should be avoided. But miners have much
          to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit
  85      exploitation of space. Without consensus, claims will
          be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made
          insecure. It is in all of our long-term interests to seek
          one out.

Passage 1 is adapted from Michael Slezak, "Space Mining:
the Next Gold Rush?" 2013 by New Scientist. Passage 2 is
from the editors of New Scientist, Taming the Final
Frontier." 2013 by New Scientist.
          Passage 1
          Follow the money and you will end up in space.
          That's the message from a first-of-its-kind forum on
          mining beyond Earth.
Line      Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for
  5       Space Engineering Research, the event brought
          together mining companies, robotics experts, lunar
          scientists, and government agencies that are all
          working to make space mining a reality.
          The forum comes hot on the heels of the
  10      2012 unveiling of two private asteroid-mining firms.
          Planetary Resources of Washington says it will
          launch its first prospecting telescopes in two years,
          while Deep Space Industries of Virginia hopes to be
          harvesting metals from asteroids by 2020. Another
  15      commercial venture that sprung up in 2012,
          Golden Spike of Colorado, will be offering trips to
          the moon, including to potential lunar miners.
          Within a few decades, these firms may be
          meeting earthly demands for precious metals, such as
  20      platinum and gold, and the rare earth elements vital
          for personal electronics, such as yttrium and
          lanthanum. But like the gold rush pioneers who
          transformed the western United States, the first space
          miners won't just enrich themselves. They also hope
  25      to build an off-planet economy free of any bonds
          with Earth, in which the materials extracted and
          processed from the moon and asteroids are delivered
          for space-based projects.
          In this scenario, water mined from other
  30      worlds could become the most desired commodity.
          "In the desert, whats worth more: a kilogram of gold
          or a kilogram of water?" asks Kris Zacny of
          HoneyBee Robotics in New York. "Gold is useless.
          Water will let you live."
  35      Water ice from the moons poles could be sent to
          astronauts on the International Space Station for
          drinking or as a radiation shield. Splitting water into
          oxygen and hydrogen makes spacecraft fuel, so
          ice-rich asteroids could become interplanetary
  40      refuelling stations.
          Companies are eyeing the iron, silicon, and
          aluminium in lunar soil and asteroids, which could
          be used in 3D printers to make spare parts or
          machinery. Others want to turn space dirt into
  45      concrete for landing pads, shelters, and roads.

          Passage 2
          The motivation for deep-space travel is shifting
          from discovery to economics. The past year has seen
          a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches
          down to Earth. No doubt this will make a few
  50      billionaires even wealthier, but we all stand to gain:
          the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could
          enrich us all.
          But before the miners start firing up their rockets,
          we should pause for thought. At first glance, space
  55      mining seems to sidestep most environmental
          concerns: there is (probably!) no life on asteroids,
          and thus no habitats to trash. But its consequences
          --both here on Earth and in space--merit careful
          consideration.
  60      Part of this is about principles. Some will argue
          that space's "magnificent desolation" is not ours to
          despoil, just as they argue that our own planets poles
          should remain pristine. Others will suggest that
          glutting ourselves on spaces riches is not an
  65      acceptable alternative to developing more sustainable
          ways of earthly life.
          History suggests that those will be hard lines to
          hold, and it may be difficult to persuade the public
          that such barren environments are worth preserving.
  70      After all, they exist in vast abundance, and even
          fewer people will experience them than have walked
          through Antarctica's icy landscapes.
          There's also the emerging off-world economy to
          consider. The resources that are valuable in orbit and
  75      beyond may be very different to those we prize on
          Earth. Questions of their stewardship have barely
          been broached--and the relevant legal and regulatory
          framework is fragmentary, to put it mildly.
          Space miners, like their earthly counterparts, are
  80      often reluctant to engage with such questions.
          One speaker at last weeks space-mining forum in
          Sydney, Australia, concluded with a plea that
          regulation should be avoided. But miners have much
          to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit
  85      exploitation of space. Without consensus, claims will
          be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made
          insecure. It is in all of our long-term interests to seek
          one out.

Passage 1 is adapted from Michael Slezak, "Space Mining:
the Next Gold Rush?" 2013 by New Scientist. Passage 2 is
from the editors of New Scientist, Taming the Final
Frontier." 2013 by New Scientist.
          Passage 1
          Follow the money and you will end up in space.
          That's the message from a first-of-its-kind forum on
          mining beyond Earth.
Line      Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for
  5       Space Engineering Research, the event brought
          together mining companies, robotics experts, lunar
          scientists, and government agencies that are all
          working to make space mining a reality.
          The forum comes hot on the heels of the
  10      2012 unveiling of two private asteroid-mining firms.
          Planetary Resources of Washington says it will
          launch its first prospecting telescopes in two years,
          while Deep Space Industries of Virginia hopes to be
          harvesting metals from asteroids by 2020. Another
  15      commercial venture that sprung up in 2012,
          Golden Spike of Colorado, will be offering trips to
          the moon, including to potential lunar miners.
          Within a few decades, these firms may be
          meeting earthly demands for precious metals, such as
  20      platinum and gold, and the rare earth elements vital
          for personal electronics, such as yttrium and
          lanthanum. But like the gold rush pioneers who
          transformed the western United States, the first space
          miners won't just enrich themselves. They also hope
  25      to build an off-planet economy free of any bonds
          with Earth, in which the materials extracted and
          processed from the moon and asteroids are delivered
          for space-based projects.
          In this scenario, water mined from other
  30      worlds could become the most desired commodity.
          "In the desert, whats worth more: a kilogram of gold
          or a kilogram of water?" asks Kris Zacny of
          HoneyBee Robotics in New York. "Gold is useless.
          Water will let you live."
  35      Water ice from the moons poles could be sent to
          astronauts on the International Space Station for
          drinking or as a radiation shield. Splitting water into
          oxygen and hydrogen makes spacecraft fuel, so
          ice-rich asteroids could become interplanetary
  40      refuelling stations.
          Companies are eyeing the iron, silicon, and
          aluminium in lunar soil and asteroids, which could
          be used in 3D printers to make spare parts or
          machinery. Others want to turn space dirt into
  45      concrete for landing pads, shelters, and roads.

          Passage 2
          The motivation for deep-space travel is shifting
          from discovery to economics. The past year has seen
          a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches
          down to Earth. No doubt this will make a few
  50      billionaires even wealthier, but we all stand to gain:
          the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could
          enrich us all.
          But before the miners start firing up their rockets,
          we should pause for thought. At first glance, space
  55      mining seems to sidestep most environmental
          concerns: there is (probably!) no life on asteroids,
          and thus no habitats to trash. But its consequences
          --both here on Earth and in space--merit careful
          consideration.
  60      Part of this is about principles. Some will argue
          that space's "magnificent desolation" is not ours to
          despoil, just as they argue that our own planets poles
          should remain pristine. Others will suggest that
          glutting ourselves on spaces riches is not an
  65      acceptable alternative to developing more sustainable
          ways of earthly life.
          History suggests that those will be hard lines to
          hold, and it may be difficult to persuade the public
          that such barren environments are worth preserving.
  70      After all, they exist in vast abundance, and even
          fewer people will experience them than have walked
          through Antarctica's icy landscapes.
          There's also the emerging off-world economy to
          consider. The resources that are valuable in orbit and
  75      beyond may be very different to those we prize on
          Earth. Questions of their stewardship have barely
          been broached--and the relevant legal and regulatory
          framework is fragmentary, to put it mildly.
          Space miners, like their earthly counterparts, are
  80      often reluctant to engage with such questions.
          One speaker at last weeks space-mining forum in
          Sydney, Australia, concluded with a plea that
          regulation should be avoided. But miners have much
          to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit
  85      exploitation of space. Without consensus, claims will
          be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made
          insecure. It is in all of our long-term interests to seek
          one out.

The Consolations of Philosophy
Long viewed by many as the stereotypical useless major, philosophy is now being seen by many students and prospective employers as in fact a very useful and practical major, offering students a host of transferable skills with relevance to the modern workplace. [34] In broad terms, philosophy is the study of meaning and the values underlying thought and behavior. But [35] more pragmatically, the discipline encourages students to analyze complex material, question conventional beliefs, and express thoughts in a concise manner. Because philosophy [36] teaching students not what to think but how to think, the age-old discipline offers consistently useful tools for academic and professional achievement. [37] A 1994 survey concluded that only 18 percent of American colleges required at least one philosophy course. [38] Therefore, between 1992 and 1996, more than 400 independent philosophy departments were eliminated from institutions.
More recently, colleges have recognized the practicality and increasing popularity of studying philosophy and have markedly increased the number of philosophy programs offered. By 2008 there were 817 programs, up from 765 a decade before. In addition, the number of four-year graduates in philosophy has grown 46 percent in a decade. Also, studies have found
that those students who major in philosophy often do better than students from other majors in both verbal reasoning and analytical [39] writing. These results can be measured by standardized test scores. On the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), for example, students intending to study philosophy in graduate school [40] has scored higher than students in all but four other majors.
These days, many [41] students majoring in philosophy have no intention of becoming philosophers; instead they plan to apply those skills to other disciplines. Law and business specifically benefit from the complicated theoretical issues raised in the study of philosophy, but philosophy can be just as useful in engineering or any field requiring complex analytic skills.
[42] That these skills are transferable across professions [43] which makes them especially beneficial to twenty-first-century students. Because today's students can expect to hold multiple jobs--some of which may not even exist yet--during [44] our lifetime, studying philosophy allows them to be flexible and adaptable. High demand, advanced exam scores, and varied professional skills all argue for maintaining and enhancing philosophy courses and majors within academic institutions.

This passage was written in 1996 after the discovery of a meteorite that appeared to contain fossil evidence of microscopic life on Mars.
      The rock that sprang to Martian "life" late last summer did not shock me by offering up apparent fossils of an extinct alien form of life. I had long believed that the universe teems Line with life elsewhere, and that our failure to find it simply (5) results from a lack of exploration. What did amaze me about the potato-size rock that fell from Mars was that it had traveled millions of miles across space to land here, blasted from world to world by a planetary collision of the sort that purportedly killed off our dinosaurs, and had lain waiting (10) for millennia upon an Antarctic ice field, until an observant young woman travelling in an expedition party picked it up, because she figured that it had come from another world. How could she know such a thing? The composition of ALH 84001, as the much scrutinized (15) rock is designated, closely matches the makeup of Martian matter that was analyzed on site in 1976 by miniature chemistry laboratories aboard two Viking Mars lenders. As a result of this positive identification, no astronomer seriously doubts the meteorite's Martian (20) origin. Researchers think they have pinpointed its former resting place to just two possible sites: a region called Sinus Sabaeus, fourteen degrees south of the Martian equator, or a crater east of the Hesperia Planitia region. The bold precision of this assessment is for me the most (25) stunning surprise dealt by the rock from Mars, even more mind-boggling than the suggestive traces of something that might once have lived and died in its microscopic fissures. 
       I cannot resist comparing this new intimacy with our solar system to the shoe box diorama of the planets I designed for (30) my grade-school science fair. I used marbles, jack balls, and Ping-Pong balls, all hanging on strings and painted different colors, all inside a box representing our solar system. This crude assortment of materials allowed a reasonable representation of what was known 40 years (35) ago about the nine planets: Mars was red and had two moons; Jupiter dwarfed the other planets (I should have used a basketball but it wouldn't fit in the box); Saturn had rings. If my school-age daughter were to attempt such a construction today, she'd need handfuls of jelly beans (40) and gum balls to model the newly discovered satellites of the giant planets. She'd want rings around Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, too, not to mention a moon for Pluto. 
       Similarly, our solar system, once considered unique, now stands as merely the first known example of a (45) planetary system in our galaxy. Since October of 1995, astronomers at ground-based observatories in Europe and the United States have announced that they've found evidence of at least seven alien planets orbiting other stars. As yet, not one of these large planets, some of which (50) are many times the mass of Jupiter has actually been seen through a telescope; we know about them indirectly through the gravitational effects they exert on their parent stars. Yet, even though we have no picture of what they look like, enough information has been deduced about (55) their atmospheric conditions to grant the nickname Goldilocks to a planet attending the star 70 Virginis, an appellation suggesting that the cloud-top temperature is "just right," as the storybook Goldilocks would say, for the presence of liquid water. Liquid water, not known to (60) exist anywhere in our solar system now except on Earth, is thought crucial to biological life; thus, only a short leap of faith is needed to carry hopeful scientists from the presence of water to the existence of extraterrestrial life. To raise the specter of the Mars rock once again, (65) the primitive life-forms that pressed their memory inside it likewise suggest an era when dry-as-dust Mars was a wet world, where rivers flowed. 

(1) Not many children leave elementary school and they
have not heard of Pocahontas' heroic rescue of John Smith
from her own people, the Powhatans. (2) Generations of
Americans have learned the story of a courageous Indian
princess who threw herself between the Virginia colonist
and the clubs raised to end his life. (3) The captive himself
reported the incident. (4) According to that report,
Pocahontas held his head in her arms and laid her own
upon his to save him from death.
(5) But can Smith's account be trusted? (6) Probably
it cannot, say several historians interested in dispelling
myths about Pocahontas. (7) According to these experts,
in his eagerness to find patrons for future expeditions,
Smith changed the facts in order to enhance his image.
(8) Portraying himself as the object of a royal princess'
devotion may have merely been a good public relations
ploy. (9) Research into Powhatan culture suggests that
what Smith described as an execution might have been
merely a ritual display of strength. (10) Smith may have
been a character in a drama in which even Pocahontas
was playing a role.
(11) As ambassador from the Powhatans to the
Jamestown settlers, Pocahontas headed off confrontations
between mutually suspicious parties. (12) Later, after her
marriage to colonist John Rolfe, Pocahontas traveled to
England, where her diplomacy played a large part in
gaining support for the Virginia Company.