Structure of the Atoms Test

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 35

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Question 1
1 / -0

What do you think would be the observation if the $\alpha$ -particle scattering experiment is carried out using a foil of a metal other than gold?

A
$\displaystyle \alpha$ particles would deflect by the foil by large angles

B
Most of the fast moving $\displaystyle \alpha$ particles would not pass straight through the metal foil

C
There would be no change in the observation

D
All particles would appear rebound

Solution

If $\alpha$ -particle scattering experiment is carried out using a foil of any metal as thin as gold foil used by Rutherford, there would be no change in observations. But since other metals are not so malleable so, such a thin foil is difficult to obtain. If we use a thick foil, then more α-particles would rebound.

Hence, the correct option is $D$
Question 2
1 / -0

This diagram represents the atomic structure of which element?

A
Fluorine

B
Chlorine

C
Carbon

D
Oxygen

Solution

The total number of electrons present in carbon is 6. The distribution of electrons in carbon atom is given by:
First orbit or K shell $=\displaystyle 2\left( 2{ n }^{ 2 }=2\times 1=2 \right)$
Second orbit or L shell $\displaystyle = 4\ (6-2=4)$
Question 3
1 / -0

The following diagram represents the atomic structure of which element?

A
Fluorine

B
Chlorine

C
Carbon

D
Oxygen

Solution

The total number of electrons present in fluorine is 9. The distribution of electrons in fluorine atom is given by:
First orbit or K shell $=\displaystyle 2\left( 2{ n }^{ 2 }=2\times 1=2 \right)$
Second orbit or L shell $=\displaystyle 7(9-2=7)$
Its electronic configuration will be $2,7$

For Chlorine, (atomic number 17), the electronic configuration will be $2,8,7$
For Carbon, (atomic number 6), the electronic configuration will be $2,4$
For Oxygen, (atomic number 8), the electronic configuration will be $2,6$

Hence option $A$ is correct.
Question 4
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Which of the following statement is incorrect according to Thomson's model of an atom?

A
The electrons, in a sphere of positive charge, were like currants (dry fruits) in a spherical Christmas pudding.

B
The positive charge in the atom is spread all over like the red edible part of the watermelon.

C
The electrons are studded in the positively charged sphere, like the seeds in the watermelon.

D
The protons are studded in the positively charged sphere, like the seeds in the watermelon.

Solution

Thomson proposed the model of an atom be similar to that of a Christmas pudding. The electrons, in a sphere of positive charge, were like currants (dry fruits) in a spherical Christmas pudding.
One can also think of a watermelon, the positive charge in the atom is spread all over like the red edible part of the watermelon, while the electrons are studded in the positively charged sphere, like the seeds in the watermelon.
Question 5
1 / -0

Helium atom has an atomic mass of 4 u and two protons in its nucleus. How many neutrons does it have?

A
4

B
2

C
8

D
6

Solution

Helium has 2 neutrons. The mass of an atom is given by the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus. The number of protons present in helium is 2 and, the given mass is 4. Therefore, the number of neutrons will be equal to $2$ that is $4-2.$ . Hence option B is correct.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following are features of Rutherford nuclear model of an atom?

A
There is a positively charged center in an atom called the nucleus.

B
The electrons revolve around the nucleus in circular paths.

C
The size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom.

D
All of the above

Solution

Rutherford put forward the nuclear model of an atom, which had the following features:
There is a positively charged center in an atom called the nucleus.
The electrons revolve around the nucleus in circular paths.
The size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom.
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following observations were obtained from $\alpha$ -particle scattering experiment?

A
Most of the fast moving $\alpha$ -particles passed straight through the gold foil

B
Some of the $\alpha$ -particles were deflected by the foil by small angles

C
One out of every 12000 particles appeared to rebound

D
All of the above

Solution

Ernest Rutherford performed an experiment to know the arrangement of electrons within an atom. In this experiment, fast-moving alpha particles were made to fall on a thin gold foil (100 nm thickness). The $\alpha$ -particles are doubly charged helium ions. It was expected that $\alpha$ -particles would be deflected by subatomic particles in the gold atom. Since $\alpha$ -particles were much heavier than protons, he did not expect to see large deflections.
But, the $\alpha$ -particle scattering experiment gave totally unexpected results.
The following observations were made:
(i) Most of the fast-moving -particles passed straight through the gold foil.
(ii) Some of the -particles were deflected by the foil by small angles.
(iii) Surprisingly one out of every 12000 particles appeared to rebound.
Question 8
1 / -0

Atoms react to achieve an octet in the outermost shell. This is achieved by:

A
sharing electrons

B
gaining electrons

C
losing electrons

D
all of the above

Solution

Atoms react to achieve an octet in the outermost shell. This can be done by sharing, gaining or losing electrons.
Question 9
1 / -0

What is the distribution of electrons in nitrogen atom?

A
$2, 4$

B
$2, 5$

C
$2, 6$

D
$2, 2$

Solution

The total number of electrons present in nitrogen atom is $7$ .
The distribution of electrons in nitrogen atom is given by:
First orbit or $K$ shell $=\displaystyle 2\left( 2{ n }^{ 2 }=2\times { 1 }^{ 1 }=2 \right)$
Second orbit or $L$ shell $=\displaystyle 5 (7-2=5)$
Hence, option B is correct.
Question 10
1 / -0

What is the distribution of electrons in an oxygen atom?

A
(2, 4)

B
(2, 8)

C
(2, 6)

D
(2, 10)

Solution

The total number of electrons present in oxygen is $8$ .
Therefore, for $O$ electron configuration will be $1s^22s^22p^4$ .
The distribution of electrons in oxygen atom is given by:
First orbit or $K$ shell $=\displaystyle 2\left( 2{ n }^{ 2 }=2\times { 1 }^{ 1 }=2 \right)$
Second orbit or $L$ shell $=\displaystyle 6(8-2=6)$

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 35

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Structure of the Atoms Test - 35

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Question 1

α\displaystyle \alpha α particles would deflect by the foil by large angles

Most of the fast moving α\displaystyle \alpha α particles would not pass straight through the metal foil

There would be no change in the observation

All particles would appear rebound

Solution

Question 2

Fluorine

Chlorine

Carbon

Oxygen

Solution

Question 3

Fluorine

Chlorine

Carbon

Oxygen

Solution

Question 4

The electrons, in a sphere of positive charge, were like currants (dry fruits) in a spherical Christmas pudding.

The positive charge in the atom is spread all over like the red edible part of the watermelon.

The electrons are studded in the positively charged sphere, like the seeds in the watermelon.

The protons are studded in the positively charged sphere, like the seeds in the watermelon.

Solution

Question 5

4

2

8

6

Solution

Question 6

There is a positively charged center in an atom called the nucleus.

The electrons revolve around the nucleus in circular paths.

The size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom.

All of the above

Solution

Question 7

Most of the fast moving α\alphaα-particles passed straight through the gold foil

Some of the α\alphaα-particles were deflected by the foil by small angles

One out of every 12000 particles appeared to rebound

All of the above

Solution

Question 8

sharing electrons

gaining electrons

losing electrons

all of the above

Solution

Question 9

2,42, 42,4

2,52, 52,5

2,62, 62,6

2,22, 22,2

Solution

Question 10

(2, 4)

(2, 8)

(2, 6)

(2, 10)

Solution

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$\displaystyle \alpha$ particles would deflect by the foil by large angles

Most of the fast moving $\displaystyle \alpha$ particles would not pass straight through the metal foil

Most of the fast moving $\alpha$ -particles passed straight through the gold foil

Some of the $\alpha$ -particles were deflected by the foil by small angles

$2, 4$

$2, 5$

$2, 6$

$2, 2$