Diversity in Living Organisms Test - 9

Mesoglea is characteristic of phylum Cnidaria, which is a translucent, non-living, jelly like substance found between the two epithelial cell layers. Mesoglea, also known as mesohyl, is the translucent, non-living, jelly-like substance found between the two epithelial cell layers (i.e., between the ectoderm and endoderm) in the bodies of cnidarians and sponges. The mesoglea also contains wandering amoebocytes that play a role in phagocytosing debris and bacteria. These cells also fight infections by producing antibacterial chemicalsThe mesoglea may be thinner than either of the cell layers in smaller coelenterates like a hydra or may make up the bulk of the body in larger jellyfish. The mesoglea serves as an internal skeleton, supporting the body. Its elastic properties help restore the shape after it is deformed by the contraction of muscles.

The phylum arthropods contain the largest number of species in animals, which includes all insects. Arthropod, any member of the phylum Arthropoda, the largest phylum in the animal  kingdom, which includes such familiar forms as lobsters, crabs, spiders, mites, insects, centipedes, and millipedes. About 84 percent of all known species of animals are members of this phylum. Arthropods are represented in every habitat on Earth and show a great variety of adaptations. Several types live in aquatic environments, and others reside in terrestrial ones; some groups are even adapted for flight.The distinguishing feature of arthropods is the presence of a jointed skeletal covering composed of chitin (a complex sugar) bound to protein. This nonliving exoskeleton is secreted by the underlying epidermis (which corresponds to the skin of other animals). Arthropods lack locomotory cilia, even in the larval stages, probably because of the presence of the exoskeleton. The body is usually segmented, and the segments bear paired, jointed appendages, from which the name arthropod (“jointed feet”) is derived.

Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates (vertebrates have backbones) that don't have scales. They live part of their lives in water and part on landAmphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates 

Reptiles are tetrapod (four-limbed vertebrate) animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians. Reptiles are cold-blooded vertebrates. (Vertebrates have backbones.) They have dry skin covered with scales or bony plates and usually lay soft-shelled eggs.

Aves is the latin name for the birds - feathered, winged, bipedal, warm-blooded, egg-laying, vertebrate animals with evolutionary origins. Birds (Aves) are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate

Mammals are any vertebrates within the class Mammalia a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles by the possession of a neocortex, hair, three middle ear bones and mammary glands Mammals include humans and all other animals that are warm-blooded vertebrates (vertebrates have backbones) with hair. They feed their young with milk

Pavo cristatus is the scientific name of peacock according to binomial nomenclature.

The tiger is the largest cat species, most recognizable for their pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with a lighter underside. The species is classified in the genus Panthera

The housefly  Musca domestica, is a fly of the suborder Cyclorrhapha. It is believed to have evolved in the Cenozoic era, possibly in the Middle East, and has spread all over the world. It is the most common fly species found in habitations

A frog have Rana tigris as scientific name is  member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura

Sponges are the basalmost clade of animals of the phylum Porifera They are multicellular Spongesdo not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems.  Unlike other animals, they lack true tissues and organs,

Platyhelminthes areThe simplest animals that are bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic composed of three fundamental cell layers. Flatworms have no body cavity other than the gut (and the smallest free-living forms may even lack that!) and lack an anus; the same pharyngeal opening both takes in food and expels waste.

Annelids  body is metameric. bilaterally symmetrical, and wormlike. They show protostome characteristics include spiral cleavage. trochophore larvae and schiz coelous coelom formation.They have paired epidermal setae.They closed circulatory system

An arthropod is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda, which includes insects, arachnids,

Annelids havethe nephridium (plural nephridia) as an invertebrate organ which occurs in pairs and performs a function similar to the vertebrate kidney. Nephridia remove metabolic wastes from an animal's body. They are present in many different invertebrate lines

arthropods have the Malpighian tubule system is a type of excretory and osmoregulatory system found in some insects, myriapods, arachnids, and tardigrades. The system consists of branchingtubules extending from the alimentary canal that absorbs solutes, water, and wastes from the surrounding hemolymph

A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates, includingflatworms (except the turbellarian order Acoela), rotifers and nemerteans; these are the simplest animals to have a dedicated excretory system. Bundles of flame cells are called protonephridia

Mammals have kidneys as their excretory organs The kidneys excrete a variety of waste products produced by metabolism into the urine. These include the nitrogenous wastes urea, from protein catabolism, and uric acid, from nucleic acid metabolism.

Aquatic arthropods (crustaceans and the chelicerate horseshoe crabs) possess gills for respiration. Although they vary in structure and location, the gills are always outgrowths of the integument (skin) and are therefore covered by the exoskeleton, which is thin in this area and not a barrier to the exchange of gases. Terrestrial arthropods possess tracheae and book lungs as respiratory organs. Tracheae are a system of tiny tubes that permit passage of gases into the interior of the body. In some arthropods the tracheal tubes are bathed by blood, but in insects the minute terminal endings (tracheoles) are embedded in the tissues, even within muscle cells.

Silver fish-belongs to Arthropoda phylla-Not a fis Jellyfish- belongs to Cnidarian-Not a fish starfish- belongs to Echinodermata- Not a fish Dog fish-belongs to Pisces so it is a true fish

Flightless birds are birds that through evolution lost the ability to fly.New ecological influences selectively pressured different taxon to converge on flightless modes of existence by altering them morphologically and behaviorally.it is believed that the loss of flight is an easier transition for birds rather than the loss and regain of flight, which has never been documented in avian history. The wings are large, and have eleven primary feathers and low wing loading pigeons have strong wing muscles  and are among the strongest fliers of all birds. Columbidae have unique body feathers, with the shaft being generally broad, strong, and flattened, tapering to a fine point, abruptly.

In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks above the rank of genus. the Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus used a ranking scale limited to: kingdom, class, order, genus, species, and one rank below species.

A genus  is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.