Digestion and Absorption Test - 4

Glycolysis involves the conversion of glucose into pyruvic acid.

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and is present in all living organisms. In this process, glucose undergoes partial oxidation to form two molecules of pyruvic acid, in absence of oxygen. No carbon dioxide is produced in this process.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

The bile duct and the pancreatic duct open together into the duodenum as the common hepato-pancreatic duct which is guarded by a sphincter called the sphincter of Oddi.

Duodenum receives bile from pancreatic duct. Bile contains bile juice that contain bile salt used for emulsification of fat. Sphincter of Oddi is not present between hepatic-pancreatic duct into jejunum.

The thyroid is part of the endocrine system, which is made up of glands that produce, store, and release hormones into the bloodstream so the hormones can reach the body's cells.

The thyroid gland uses iodine from the foods you eat to make two main hormones:

Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroxine (T4)

Carbohydrate are converted into monosaccharides, nucleic acid are converted into sugar and bases by nucleosidases, proteins are converted into amino acids by dipeptidases and lipids are converted into fatty acids and glycerol by lipases.

In humans the pharynx is part of the digestive system and also of the conducting zone of the respiratory system. The oesophagus and the trachea (wind pipe) open into the pharynx.

Maltose in presence of maltase produce two molecules of glucose. Lactose in presence of lactase produce glucose and galactose. Sucrose in presence of sucrose produce glucose and fructose.

Each tooth is embedded in a socket of jaw bone called thecodont. Human being forms two sets of teeth during their life temporary milk or deciduous teeth replaced by a set of permanent or adult teeth called diphyodont. An adult human has 32 permanent teeth which are of four different types called heterodont.

Brunner’s glands are submucosal mucin secreting glands localized predominantly in the duodenal bulb and proximal duodenum, decreasing progressively in size and number in the distal portions.

Sub-mucosal glands (Brunner’s glands) provide alkaline medium.

The bolus is then conveyed into the pharynx and then into the oesophagus by swallowing or deglutition.

Mucosa layer forms irregular folds (rugae) in the stomach and small finger-like foldings called villi in the small intestine

Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma.

In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream.

The wall of alimentary canal from oesophagus to rectum possesses four layers namely serosa, muscularis, sub-mucosa and mucosa.

The colon is divided into three parts – an ascending, a transverse and a descending part.

Arrangement of teeth in each half of the upper and lower jaw in the order I, C, P, M,

is represented by a dental formula which in human is 2123/2123. 212/212 lacks premolar.