Constitution of India Test-2

Audi alteram partem (or audiatur et altera pars) is aLatin phrase meaning "listen to the other side " , or "let the other side be heard as well ".
It is the principle that no person should be judged without a fair hearing in which each party is given the opportunity to respond to the evidence against them.
So option A infers the same thing.

An amicus curiae is someone who is not a party to a case and may or may not have been solicited by a party and who assists a court by offering information, expertise, or insight that has a bearing on the issues in the case  and is typically presented in the form of a brief.

• The term adverse possession means the unlawful possession of the property despite not being the owner of that property.
• If a possessor of a property has continuous possession of that property for continuous 12 years, with the knowledge of owner but without the permission of the owner, then that property is said to be adversely possessed by the possessor.
• The concept of adverse possession was defined by Honorable supreme Court Amarendra Pratap Singh Vs. Tej Bahadur Prajapati. 

Indian constitution has borrowed provisions from Constitutions of other countries and incorporates them after modifying. Indian constitution declares India a federal state that is two governments but it provides for a single citizenship for India and States both. This provision is borrowed from the Constitution of Britain.

• Article 17 of the constitution abolishes the practice of untouchability.
• The practice of untouchability is an offence and anyone doing so is punishable by law.

• Untouchability is neither defined in the Constitution nor in the Act. It refers to a social practice which looks down upon certain depressed classes solely on account of their birth and makes any discrimination against them on this ground.

• Their physical touch was considered to pollute others. Such castes which were called untouchables were not to draw water from the same wells, or use the pond/tank which is being used by the higher castes.

• They were not allowed to enter some temples and suffered many other disabilities.

  Inclusion of this provision in the Constitution shows the importance attached by the Constituent Assembly towards eradication of this evil practice. Article 17 is also a significant provision from the point of view of equality before law (Article 14).

• It guarantees social justice and dignity of man, the twin privileges which were denied to a vast section of the Indian society for centuries together.

   

Article 14 of the Indian Constitution provides "Equality before law " and "Equal protection of laws."

• Equality before law (a negative concept) means that no person is above the law, and everyone is subject to the same laws regardless of status or position.
• Equal protection of laws (a positive concept) means that the state must treat all individuals in a similar situation equally.

Since "Equality before law " is a negative concept (it prohibits special privileges), it is negatively enumerated in Article 14.
Therefore,Correct Answer -Option C

Every person shall have equal admittance to public places like public wells, bathing ghats, museums, temples etc. However, the State has the right to make any special arrangement for women and children or for the development of any socially or educationally backward class or scheduled castes or scheduled tribes.

Article 15:  A  fundamental right prohibits discrimination by the state against any citizen on grounds 'only 'of religion, caste, race, sex, and place of birth. The use of the world only means that discrimination on other grounds is not prohibited.

Preamble is an introductory statement that states the source of authority, date of adoption, guiding principles, etc. Also, it specifies character and values like  sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republic, justice, liberty, equality, fraternity. It doesn 't include anything about adult franchise.

Judicial review, power of the courts of a Country  more  to examine the actions of the legislative, executive and administrative arms of the government. Actions judged inconsistent are declared unconstitutional and therefore, null and void.