Verbal Ability Test - 9

Ankit : These animal tracks exhibit some interesting and strange characteristics. This first footprint appears to have two toes, whereas this second footprint appears to have three. And while this first footprint is facing north, this second footprint is facing east. Due to the weight of this evidence, we can safely conclude that these prints were made by two different animals. Dr. Jha : These tracks may indeed have been made by two different animals, but your evidence does not conclusively demonstrate that fact. A slight twist of the foot can make a print that seems to have extra toes. And some animals have feet that are oriented at right angles to one another, such that when they walk, their footprints face different directions. Now, if one footprint had claws while the other one did not, I would find your case more persuasive.

The astronomical study of hot gas—gas with a temperature of a million degrees Kelvin or greater—began with observations of the solar atmosphere. In the 1930s, techniques were developed to perform optical studies of the solar corona during solar eclipses. The detection of highly ionized atoms of iron, calcium, and nickel, as well as an extended gaseous region, implied the presence of gas at temperatures of about a million degrees K. However, detailed study of the solar corona had to await the advent of space astronomy and the chance to observe the sun at ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths outside the earth's opaque atmosphere. These wavelengths are crucial for studying hot gas because highly ionized atoms are visible in these regions and because most radiated energy is emitted there.

Recent study of hot gas began with the launching in the 1970s of space observatories which gathered data on ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths. These observations led to a new picture of the production and evolution of hot gas. Before 1970, direct evidence for the presence of hot gas in large volumes of space was lacking. Although there were theoretical arguments for pervasive interstellar gas, interstellar space in our galaxy was thought to be occupied by gas with a temperature of about 10,000 degrees K. In the 1970s, however, the observatory Copernicus revealed the widespread presence in our galaxy of highly ionized oxygen that could only be produced at high temperatures. At the same time, the Uhuru X-ray satellite discovered emissions from hot gas in the space between galaxies in clusters. Subsequent studies confirmed these findings.

It is believed that interstellar gas is heated through two mechanisms: the motions of stars and matter ejected from them, and gravitational infall. Hot gas has been observed on a smaller scale, between stars in our galaxy, and in largescale structures (clusters of galaxies). On a smaller scale, supernovae, or exploding stars, probably create an interstellar medium of hot gas within galaxies; they may also drive gas out of galaxies. On a larger scale, gravitational infall— during which gas slumps toward the center of a galaxy—may play a role in the heating of gas.

The astronomical study of hot gas—gas with a temperature of a million degrees Kelvin or greater—began with observations of the solar atmosphere. In the 1930s, techniques were developed to perform optical studies of the solar corona during solar eclipses. The detection of highly ionized atoms of iron, calcium, and nickel, as well as an extended gaseous region, implied the presence of gas at temperatures of about a million degrees K. However, detailed study of the solar corona had to await the advent of space astronomy and the chance to observe the sun at ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths outside the earth's opaque atmosphere. These wavelengths are crucial for studying hot gas because highly ionized atoms are visible in these regions and because most radiated energy is emitted there.

Recent study of hot gas began with the launching in the 1970s of space observatories which gathered data on ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths. These observations led to a new picture of the production and evolution of hot gas. Before 1970, direct evidence for the presence of hot gas in large volumes of space was lacking. Although there were theoretical arguments for pervasive interstellar gas, interstellar space in our galaxy was thought to be occupied by gas with a temperature of about 10,000 degrees K. In the 1970s, however, the observatory Copernicus revealed the widespread presence in our galaxy of highly ionized oxygen that could only be produced at high temperatures. At the same time, the Uhuru X-ray satellite discovered emissions from hot gas in the space between galaxies in clusters. Subsequent studies confirmed these findings.

It is believed that interstellar gas is heated through two mechanisms: the motions of stars and matter ejected from them, and gravitational infall. Hot gas has been observed on a smaller scale, between stars in our galaxy, and in largescale structures (clusters of galaxies). On a smaller scale, supernovae, or exploding stars, probably create an interstellar medium of hot gas within galaxies; they may also drive gas out of galaxies. On a larger scale, gravitational infall— during which gas slumps toward the center of a galaxy—may play a role in the heating of gas.

The astronomical study of hot gas—gas with a temperature of a million degrees Kelvin or greater—began with observations of the solar atmosphere. In the 1930s, techniques were developed to perform optical studies of the solar corona during solar eclipses. The detection of highly ionized atoms of iron, calcium, and nickel, as well as an extended gaseous region, implied the presence of gas at temperatures of about a million degrees K. However, detailed study of the solar corona had to await the advent of space astronomy and the chance to observe the sun at ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths outside the earth's opaque atmosphere. These wavelengths are crucial for studying hot gas because highly ionized atoms are visible in these regions and because most radiated energy is emitted there.

Recent study of hot gas began with the launching in the 1970s of space observatories which gathered data on ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths. These observations led to a new picture of the production and evolution of hot gas. Before 1970, direct evidence for the presence of hot gas in large volumes of space was lacking. Although there were theoretical arguments for pervasive interstellar gas, interstellar space in our galaxy was thought to be occupied by gas with a temperature of about 10,000 degrees K. In the 1970s, however, the observatory Copernicus revealed the widespread presence in our galaxy of highly ionized oxygen that could only be produced at high temperatures. At the same time, the Uhuru X-ray satellite discovered emissions from hot gas in the space between galaxies in clusters. Subsequent studies confirmed these findings.

It is believed that interstellar gas is heated through two mechanisms: the motions of stars and matter ejected from them, and gravitational infall. Hot gas has been observed on a smaller scale, between stars in our galaxy, and in largescale structures (clusters of galaxies). On a smaller scale, supernovae, or exploding stars, probably create an interstellar medium of hot gas within galaxies; they may also drive gas out of galaxies. On a larger scale, gravitational infall— during which gas slumps toward the center of a galaxy—may play a role in the heating of gas.

It is not easy to define corruption. But in narrow sense, corruption is mostly concerned with a bribery and it take several forms. Corruption is a global phenomenon and it is omnipresent. Corruption has progressively increased and is now rampant in our society. Corruption in India is a consequence of the nexus between Bureaucracy, politics and criminals. India is now no longer considered a soft state. It has now become a consideration state where everything can be had for a consideration. Today, the number of ministers with an honest image can be counted on fingers. At one time, bribe was paid for getting wrong things done but now bribe is paid for getting right things done at right time.