Horticulture Test - 1

Banana is propagated by suckers.

• Bananas are propagated vegetatively because nearly all cultivated varieties are seedless.
•  The principal method of banana propagation is the division of suckers that arise from the base of the main stem or from the underground corm.
• The banana has a reduced underground stem called the rhizome.
• Rhizome bears several buds.
• Each of these buds sprouts and forms its own pseudostem and a new bulbous rhizome.
• These daughter plants are called suckers.
• A good sucker is free from insects and leaf mottling and has narrow tapering leaves.
• Banana belongs to the family-Musaceae and genus-Musa.

Santa Rosa (Self pollinating Japanese type) is a popular Plum variety which produces versatile fruits that can be used in a wide variety of applications. The plums are medium to large in size and have red purple skin and yellow flesh that changes to red near skin. They are juicy and provide a balanced blend of sweet and tart.

The correct answer is Tomato

• Blossom end rot (BER) is an important physiological disorder of Tomato
• Caused by: Calcium deficiency
• Fluctuating soil moisture due to overwatering.
• Use of more nitrogen fertilization
• Performing root pruning in the earlier stage of the plant.
• Symptoms: Early symptom: A light tan patch on the blossom end of the young green fruit.
• Over time the tan becomes dark brown or black and may become sunken or leathery.

• Tomato: Botanical Name: Solanum lycopersicum
• Family: Solanaceae
• Chromosome Number: 2n = 26
• Origin: Peru

The Correct Answer is Option (1) i.e. Millets.

• Millet is a cereal grain that belongs to the Poaceae family, commonly known as the grass family. It is commonly cultivated in Asian and African countries.
• Millet is a starchy, protein-rich grain. It provides plenty of phosphorus and magnesium. It lowers cholesterol and blood sugar levels.
• Plantation Agriculture crops are the crops that are grown commercially on a large area as cash crops.
• Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Coconut, Cashew, etc are some examples of the Plantation crops.
• These crops are mostly grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas.
• Plantation crops are grown for sale and not for local consumption. Being highly remunerative has immense scope for generating employment.

The correct answer is malta.

• The most suitable fruit for marmalade making is bael.
• Hence option 4 is correct.

Important Points

• Marmalade is a fruit preserve made from the juice and peel of citrus fruits boiled with sugar and water.
• Citrus is the most typical choice of fruit for marmalade, though historically the term has often been used for non-citrus preserves.
• The well-known version is made from bitter orange other preferred citrus fruit for marmalade production is :
  • Spanish Seville
  • Bitter orange
  • Citrus aurantium var.

Key Points

• The Indian fruit known as a malta is called a blood orange in other places, like the United States.
• It is high in vitamin C and can prevent scurvy.
• The orange is the fruit of the citrus species Citrus × Sinensis in the family Rutaceae, native to China.

Hence, the most suitable fruit for marmalade making is malta.

The Correct Answer is Amrapali.

Amrapali mango variety has been developed by the crossing Dussehari and Neelam. 

 The correct answer 24 - 27°C.

• Mango (Mangifera indica) belongs to family Anacardiaceae.
• Origin of mango is South East Asia.
• Mango is the richest source of vitamin A (4800 IU / 100 mg)
• Mango is a climacteric and tropical fruit.
• Ideal pH range is 6.5 - 8.

• Some other crops temperature requirement:

The correct answer is Modified leader system.

• This system is in between open centre and central leader system wherein central axis is allowed to grow unhindered upto 4-5 years and then the central stem is headed back and laterals are permitted.

• It is common in apple, pear, cherry, plum, guava.

• After several (3 to 5) main lateral branches are developed, the leader loses its dominance and is allowed to develop similar to the lateral branches. 

• Pruning the mature tree involves mostly thinning cuts to allow light to penetrate to lower fruiting wood, although the height of fruit trees should be kept to a height at which fruit can be picked. 

The correct answer is 2000 - 2500 cuttings/ha..

• Pointed gourd (Trichosanthus dioca) belongs to family Cucurbitaceae.
• Centre of origin is India.
• Propagated by vine cuttings: 2000 - 2500 cuttings/ha.
• Fruits are generaly recommended during convolescence (regains health after illness).
• Varieties: Bihar sheriif, Kalyani, Shankolia, Swarna rekha, Dandli, Damodar, Swarna alaukik.

The correct answer is Coconut.

• The condition in which the male reproductive organs of a flower matures before the female one is known as protandrous/protandry.
• The coconut palm is protandrous and male flowers open immediately after splitting the spadix.
• The condition in which the female reproductive organs (pistil) matures before the male reproductive one (anthers) is known as protogyny.
• This condition sen in Banana, Fig,Plum.