Reproduction in Organisms Test - 9

Tubers are the underground modification of stem consisting of axillary buds on its surface, and this axillary bud is meristematic, which helps in the growth of new plants. Tubers stores starch. The buds are also known as eye or scales and the buds sprout and develop into a new plant. Potato tubers need frequent irrigation, i.e., the process where a controlled amount of water is supplied to the plants at needed intervals. The first irrigation should be given immediately after sowing and after that at one-week intervals. After the formation of tubers, the frequency of irrigation decreases.

If we look at options now:

• Option A is Branches. This option is incorrect as the axillary bud is responsible for forming a new plant, not branches. Therefore, this option gets eliminated.
• Option B is Stored food. This option is incorrect as the axillary bud is responsible for forming a new plant not stored food. Therefore, this option gets eliminated.
• Option C is Roots. This option is incorrect as the axillary bud is responsible for forming a new plant, not Roots. Therefore, this option gets eliminated.
• Option D is the Scales/Eyes. This option is correct since the axillary bud is responsible for forming new plants and the bud is also known as scales/eyes due to which this option is right and these buds sprout, then develop into a new plant.

Oogamous reproduction involves fusion of one motile male gamete and another non-motile large sized female gametes.

Fusion of similar gametes is known as isogamous reproduction. Fusion of dissimilar motile or non-motile gametes is known as anisogamous reproduction.

So, the correct option is 'Motile and non-motile gametes '.

Oogamy is a form of sexual reproduction. It is a form of anisogamy (heterogamy) in which the female gamete is significantly larger than the male gamete and is non-motile.The male gametes are smaller in size and motile So, the correct option is 'Large non-motile female gamete and small motile male gamete '.

Members of the genus Hydra reproducing by budding, a type of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from a generative location on the parent 's body.

Estrogen secreted from ovarian follicles under the influence of FSH causes the proliferation of the endometrium of the uterine wall.

Multiplication of genetically identical copies of a cultivar by asexual reproduction is called clonal propagation and a plant population derived from a single individual by asexual reproduction constitutes a clone.

• Amoeba is a unicellular organism with a unique ability to change its regular shape by extending and retracting its pseudopodia (false-feet) which is an arm-like or finger-like projection. It does not possess a cell wall that allows it to move freely. It mainly reproduces by Binary fission which is an asexual mode of reproduction. Amoeba eats by stretching its pseudopodia around the food and pulls it inside the rest of the body.
• This process begins when the parent cell pulls its pseudopodia inside to reach a spherical shape.
• After mitotic cell division, the nucleus and cytoplasm get constricted.
• The cytoplasm starts dividing and results in the formation of two daughter cells.

Birds are oviparous as they lay eggs.

Penicillium is a large and difficult genus encountered almost everywhere, and usually the most abundant genus of fungi in soils. Some species of Penicillium reproduce sexually by means of asci and ascospores produced within small stony stromata.

Binary fission is the type of asexual reproduction in which the parent cell divides into two daughter individuals or daughter cells. In binary fission, the fully grown parent cell first gets organized into two halves. After replication of its genetic material, the parent cell divides into two equal-sized daughter cells. The genetic material is replicated, then equally split. Binary fission is common among prokaryotes, e.g. archaea, eubacteria, cyanobacteria, and certain protozoans. At first, the circular DNA and plasmids replicate. Then the cell gets bigger and the circular DNA strands move to the opposite poles of the cell. Soon, the cytoplasm begins to divide and new cell walls begin to form. Then the cytoplasm divides and two new daughter cells are produced.