Reproductive Health Test - 6

The programs designed to achieve total reproductive health as a social goal at the national level are generally called "Family planning."These programs aim to provide education, medical care, and services related to contraception, reproductive system health, and childbearing. They focus on enabling individuals and couples to decide freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children and to have the information and means to do so. This encompasses more than just contraception, including a wide array of reproductive health services.

The term "test tube baby "is commonly associated with babies born through Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). However, among the options given, ZIFT (Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer) is closest to the process initially dubbed as creating a "test tube baby,"although the term more broadly applies to any child conceived via IVF (In Vitro Fertilization), where fertilization occurs outside the body and the resulting embryo is then implanted in the uterus. ZIFT involves transferring the zygote into the fallopian tube rather than the uterus, which is slightly different from the typical IVF process where the embryo is placed directly into the uterus. Nonetheless, the term "test tube baby "is more accurately associated with IVF and related technologies as a whole, rather than specifically with ZIFT. The correct answer should be related to IVF, which is the process most commonly associated with the concept of a "test tube baby,"but among the given choices, ZIFT is a process that involves the transfer of a zygote, making it a relevant option. However, it 's important to note that in common parlance, "test tube baby "is generally associated with IVF and not specifically with ZIFT, GIFT, IUI, or ICSI.

The chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid is detected using the technique called amniocentesis. This chromosomal pattern is called karyogenesis and can be used to detect the nature of chromosomes. Hence it can be exploited to determine sex of the fetus.

Option A: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection  – INCORRECT

• In Intracytoplasmic sperm injection or ICSI, the  partner 's sperm is placed inside the egg with the help of a microscopic needle.
• Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option B: Intrauterine transfer  – INCORRECT

• In intrauterine transfer, Invitro fertilization is done by collecting the ova and sperm, and then the zygote is transferred inside the woman for further growth.
• But in the above case, the  male is having a very low sperm count, hence, this option is incorrect.

Option C: Gamete intracytoplasmic fallopian transfer  – INCORRECT

• Gamete intracytoplasmic fallopian transfer or GIFT is the transfer of the ovum.
• Hence, this technique deals with the infertility of women.

Option D: Artificial Insemination  – INCORRECT

• Infertility cases because of the  inability of the male partner to inseminate the female or because of the very low sperm count in the ejaculates could be corrected by artificial insemination (AI).
• Hence this option is correct.

​So, the correct answer is option D).

1. In the in vitro fertilization the zygote or the early embryo is transferred.
2. The transfer is done to the fallopian tube.
3. The baby is produced by conceiving in a type of culture dish and nourished inside the uterus.

The purpose of sex education is to provide the students with correct information about sex-related aspects and also to discourage any myths and misconceptions.

Option A: Biopsy - INCORRECT

• A biopsy is a  medical procedure  of  removing cells or tissues  from the body for examination.
• It is done to usually identify whether an irregular mass in the body is  cancerous or not.

Option B: Scanning - INCORRECT

• Medical scanning is a  diagnostic tool  that is used to  produce pictures  of the human body.
• The images produced through scanning help in the  evaluation and diagnosis  of a diseased state in the body.
• There are various medical scanning techniques such as CT, MRI, PET scanning, etc.
• Scanning however  does not help  in the detection of genetic defects in the fetus.

Option C: Laparoscopy - INCORRECT

• ​Laparoscopy is a  medical procedure  that is also known as  minimally invasive surgery  or  keyhole surgery.
• It allows a medical professional to  access the inside of the abdomen and pelvis  with minimal invasion.
• Thus this procedure  does not involve  having to make large incisions in the skin.
• It is carried out with an instrument called a  laparoscope.

Option D: Amniocentesis - CORRECT

• ​Amniocentesis helps in the  detection of genetic defects in a growing fetus.
• So the correct answer is option D (Amniocentesis).

• Several plans and programs have been initiated in India to achieve complete reproductive health for all the citizens of the country.
• Family planning is a program that comes under the Reproductive health scheme and was initiated in the country in 1951.
• Other programs under this scheme are the Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) program. 
• This program covers wider reproduction-related areas.
• The goal of these programs is to create awareness among people related to reproductive health.
• It provides facilities to people to maintain good reproductive health.
• The main objectives are the reduction of maternal and infant mortality and total fertility rates.
• The use of audio-visual and print -media can be done to create awareness among the people.
• Sex education in schools is yet another way of creating awareness about sex-related issues among young teenagers.

So from the above-given information, the correct answer is option C.

Reproductive health refers to the proper maintenance of reproductive organs and ensuring the smooth functioning of the same.

• Diaphragms are barrier methods of contraception. They cover the cervix and block the entry of sperm.
• Contraceptive pills are preparations containing either progestogens alone or a combination of progestogen and estrogen. They inhibit ovulation and implantation as well as alter the quality of cervical mucus to prevent the entry of sperms.
• Intrauterine devices increase the phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus.
• Lactational amenorrhea is a natural method of contraception and it is based on the fact that ovulation and therefore menstrual cycle do not occur during the period of intense lactation following parturition.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option C.