Principles of Inheritance & Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance & Variation Test - 1

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Question 1
1 / -0.25

The innate tendency of offspring to resemble their parents is called?

A
Resemblance

B
Heredity

C
Variation

D
Inheritance
Solution
The innate tendency of offspring to resemble their parents is called heredity .
The offspring resembles the parents due to same genetic combination inherited from the parents.
Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Chapter - "Principles of Inheritance and Variation " of NCERT
Question 2
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Monohybrid ratio is _________.

A
9:3:1

B
3:1

C
9:3:3:1

D
9:1
Solution
Monohybrid ratio is the ratio of different phenotypic traits obtained on hybridizing a single pair of traits. It is 3:1 .
When tall pea plant is crossed with dwarf, the offspring obtained are in 3/4 tall and 1/4 dwarf.
Fig: Monohybrid cross
Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Topic: "INHERITANCE OF ONE GENE ”of chapter "Principles of Inheritance and Variation " of NCERT
Question 3
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Who is regarded as the father of genetics?

A
Mendel

B
Morgan

C
Watson

D
Bateson
Solution
Gregor Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics .
He experimented on pea plants and discovered the basic inheritance rules.
Hence, the correct option is A
NCERT Reference: Topic MENDEL ’S LAWS OF INHERITANCEof chapter "Principles of Inheritance and Variation " of NCERT
Question 4
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Material used for conducting experiments on genetic traits by Mendel was _________.

A
Lathyrus odoratus

B
Oryza sativa

C
Pisum sativum

D
Mirabilis jalapa
Solution
Mendel studied the common garden pea plant, Pisum sativum because it was easy to cultivate and had a relatively short life cycle of 3 months. The plant exhibited discontinuous characteristics such as flower colour and pea texture.
Owing to its anatomy, it was easy to control the self-pollination of the plant and cross-fertilization between desired parents could be accomplished artificially.
The presence of pure breeding varieties and easily visible contrasting characters and presence of F₁ fertile hybrids were the additional advantageous characters for which Mendel choose garden pea as experimental material.
Hence, the correct option is C
NCERT Reference: Topic “MENDEL ’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE ”of chapter "Principles of Inheritance and Variation " of NCERT
Question 5
1 / -0.25

The physical expression or appearance of a character is called as:

A
Phenotype

B
Morphology

C
Ecotype

D
Genotype
Solution
The physical appearance of a character or organism 's observable characteristics or traits is called as phenotype .
The genetic makeup of an individual is called genotype. Tallness, round, wrinkled, yellow etc. are due to their genetic makeup.
Phenotype Example:
Hence, the correct option is A
NCERT Reference: Topic "MENDEL ’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE ”of chapter "Principles of Inheritance and Variation " of NCERT
Question 6
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F₂ generation is obtained by _________.

A
Crossing of F₁ and F₂ .

B
Selfing of F₁ .

C
Selfing of F₂ .

D
None of these.

Solution

In monohybrid and dihybrid cross F₂ generation is obtained by selfing of F₁ hybrids as male and female.
Fig : Monohybrid cross showing F₁ and F₂ generation
Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Topic "INHERITANCE OF ONE GENE "of chapter Principles of Inheritance and Variation " of NCERT
Question 7
1 / -0.25

Dihybrid cross proves the law of _________.

A
Segregation

B
Purity of gametes

C
Law of independent assortment

D
Dominance
Solution
In a dihybrid cross, two new kinds of plants with new traits are formed. This is possible only when all traits assort independently and recombine to form a new combination .
Mendel found that each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation.
This is known as theLaw of independent assortment and hence it can be proved by the dihybrid cross.
Hence, the correct option is C
NCERT Reference: Topic " Law of Independent Assortment " of chapter "Principles of Inheritance and Variation " of NCERT
Question 8
1 / -0.25

In pea plants, yellow seeds are dominant to green, If a heterozygous yellow seeded plant is crossed with a green seeded plant, what ratio of yellow and green seeded plants would you expect in F1 generation?

A
9:1

B
3:1

C
50:50

D
1:3
Solution
Since the yellow seeds are dominant to green, the allele for yellow seeds should be represented with upper case letter while the one for green seeds should be written in lower case letter.
Let 's suppose that the allele for yellow seed is Y and that for green seeds is y. Hence the genotype of the heterozygous yellow seeded plant will be "Yy "and that for green seeded plant will be "yy "(as the recessive allele is expressed only in homozygous conditions).
The cross between heterozygous yellow seeded plant and green seeded plant will produce 50% yellow seeded plants and 50% green seeded plants.
Hence, the correct option is C
NCERT Reference: Topic "INHERITANCE OF ONE GENE ”for basic understanding of this cross from chapter "Principles of Inheritance and Variation "
Question 9
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In a cross between a pure tall plant with green pod and a pure short plant with yellow pod. How many short plants are produced in F₂ generation out of 16?

A
1

B
4

C
9

D
3
Solution
Genotype of pure tall plant with green pod = TTGG
Genotype of pure dwarf plant with yellow pod = ttgg
P generation: TTGG X ttgg
F1 generation: TtGg (tall plant, green pod)
Selfing: TtGg X TtGg
As can be seen from the table, a total 4 short plants with genotypes ttGG, ttGg, ttGg and ttgg are produced.
Hence, the correct option is B
NCERT Reference: Topic INHERITANCE OF TWO GENES ”from Chapter "Principles of Inheritance and Variation " of NCERT
Question 10
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The test cross is used to determine the ________.

A
Genotype of the plant.

B
Phenotype of the plant.

C
Both a and b.

D
None of these.
Solution
In a test cross:
The organism with the dominant trait is always crossed with an organism with the recessive trait.
If any offspring show the recessive trait, the unknown genotype is heterozygous .
If all the offspring have the dominant trait, the unknown genotype is homozygous dominant.
Fig: The test cross
Hence, the correct option is A
NCERT Reference: Topic INHERITANCE OF ONE GENE of chapter "Principles of Inheritance and Variation " of NCERT.