Indian Economy On The Eve Of Independence Test - 2

A systematic and modern population census, in its present form was conducted non synchronously between 1865 and 1872 in different parts of the country. This effort culminating in 1872 has been popularly labeled as the first population census of India However, the first synchronous census in India was held in 1881.

TISCO - Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited.

The life expectancy rate was  32 years . The literacy rate of the country on the eve of Independence was 16% only.

The year 1921 is taken as the demographic divide for the reason that before this year, the population was not stable, sometimes it increased and at other times it decreased.
The growth rate of population was generally low before 1921. But after this year, there has been considerable and continuous increase in the population.
Between 1901 and 1911, the total increase in population was 5.9% and between 1911 and 1921, there was a decrease of 0.39%. In the decade of 1921-1931, the increase was 11.1%, from 1931 to 1941, it was 14.00% and during 1941-1951, it was 13.5%. It is going increasingly since then. Hence the year 1921 is rightly called the demographic divide.

The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt the Mediterranean Sea through the Red Sea via the Gulf of Suez. Construction began in September 1859 and was completed in November of 1869, 10 and a half years later. The Suez Canal is around 190 km in length.

More than half of India ’s foreign trade was restricted to Britain while the rest was allowed with a few other countries like China, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and Persia (Iran). The opening of the Suez Canal further intensified British control over India ’s foreign trade

The history of Indian Railways dates back to over 160 years ago. On 16 th April 1853, the first passenger train ran between Bori Bunder (Bombay) abd Thane, a distance of 34 km.

Answer:
Census is a process of collecting, compiling, and analyzing data about a population. It provides valuable information about the demographic, social, and economic characteristics of individuals living in a country or region. Census data is crucial for planning and policy-making purposes.
The frequency at which a census is conducted varies from country to country. In general, a census is conducted at regular intervals to ensure accurate and up-to-date data. The question asks about the interval at which a census is conducted.
The correct answer is B: 10 years . Census is conducted after every 10 years in most countries, including the United States, India, and many others.
Here are the reasons why a census is conducted every 10 years:
- Population Changes: A lot can change in a population over a decade. People are born, die, migrate, and change their demographic characteristics. Conducting a census every 10 years allows for capturing these changes and updating the population data accordingly.
- Policy and Resource Allocation: Census data is used to inform policy decisions and allocate resources. By conducting a census every 10 years, governments can have an accurate understanding of the population's needs and distribute resources accordingly.
- Long-Term Planning: Census data is essential for long-term planning purposes. It helps in making projections, identifying trends, and planning for future infrastructure, healthcare, education, and other needs. Conducting a census every 10 years provides a reasonable timeframe for such planning.
- Data Accuracy: Conducting a census at regular intervals ensures that the data remains accurate and up-to-date. Waiting for too long between censuses can result in outdated information, which may not reflect the current population dynamics.
It is important to note that while most countries conduct a census every 10 years, there can be exceptions. Some countries may conduct a census more frequently, especially if they have a rapidly changing population or specific data requirements. Additionally, there may be interim surveys or sample studies conducted between censuses to gather specific information on certain topics.

After independence, the Government of India appointed the National Income Committee in August, 1949 with Prof. P.C. Mahalnobis as its chairman and Prof. D.R. Gadgil and Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao as its two members so as to compile a national income estimates rationally on scientific basis. The first report of this committee was prepared in 1951. The estimate given by Dr Rao regarding per capita output was 0.005.

Under British Rule, there were three main types of land tenure systems in India. They were Zamindars, Mahalwari and Rayatwari.