Important Days Test - 2

Children's Day in India
Children's Day in India is observed on the birthday of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. Here is a detailed explanation:
Jawaharlal Nehru:
- Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, India.
- He played a significant role in the Indian independence movement and served as the Prime Minister of India from 1947 to 1964.
- Nehru was fondly known as "Chacha Nehru" (Uncle Nehru) due to his affection for children.
- He was deeply committed to the well-being and education of children and believed that they were the future of the nation.
- Nehru initiated several policies and programs for the welfare of children, including the establishment of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) and the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs).
- In honor of his love for children, his birthday, November 14th, is celebrated as Children's Day in India.
Children's Day in India:
- Children's Day is celebrated with great enthusiasm across the country.
- Schools and educational institutions organize various activities and events to entertain and engage children.
- Cultural programs, sports competitions, and talent shows are organized to showcase the abilities and talents of children.
- Teachers and parents play an active role in organizing special events and surprises for the children.
- Children are given gifts, sweets, and chocolates to make them feel special on this day.
- The aim of Children's Day is to promote the rights and welfare of children and create awareness about their needs and aspirations.
Overall, Children's Day in India is a joyous occasion that celebrates the innocence, happiness, and potential of children. It is a day to honor their rights, nurture their talents, and create a bright future for them.

The United Nations declared 1993 as a year of the indigenous people.
The United Nations declared 1993 as the International Year of the Indigenous People to bring attention to the rights, cultures, and issues faced by indigenous populations around the world. This declaration aimed to raise awareness and promote the rights of indigenous peoples, who often face discrimination, marginalization, and the violation of their rights. Here are some key points about the declaration:
1. Background: The United Nations recognizes the importance of protecting the rights and cultures of indigenous peoples worldwide. They have been historically marginalized and have faced challenges such as loss of land, discrimination, and lack of access to basic services.
2. Purpose: The declaration aimed to raise awareness about the issues faced by indigenous peoples and promote their rights, cultures, and traditions. It sought to address the historical injustices and inequalities they have experienced and promote respect for their rights and self-determination.
3. Activities: Throughout the year, various activities were organized to highlight the contributions and challenges faced by indigenous peoples. These included conferences, workshops, cultural events, and awareness campaigns to educate the public and policymakers about the issues affecting indigenous communities.
4. Outcome: The International Year of the Indigenous People helped to create a platform for indigenous peoples to voice their concerns, share their knowledge, and engage in dialogue with governments and other stakeholders. It contributed to the development of international standards and policies to protect indigenous rights and promote their well-being.
5. Continuing Efforts: Since 1993, the United Nations has continued to work towards the promotion and protection of indigenous peoples' rights through various mechanisms, such as the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples adopted in 2007.
In conclusion, the United Nations declared 1993 as the International Year of the Indigenous People to raise awareness about the rights, cultures, and issues faced by indigenous populations worldwide. This declaration aimed to promote respect for their rights, address historical injustices, and create a platform for indigenous peoples to voice their concerns.

Department of Tourism has presented a colourful Tableau on the theme "India Tourism Year 1991 in the Republic Day in the Service ceremonial parade on 26th January 1991, at Secunderabad parade grounds. The Government have sanctioned an amount of Rs. 0.55 lakhs during 1990-91 for setting up of Regional Tourist Information Bureau is functioning at Vijayawada with effect from June 1990. A provision of Rs. 0.47 lakhs has been earmarked in the annual plan 1991-92 to meet the expenditure on maintenance of this Regional Tourist Information Bureau. The Government have sanctioned an amount of Rs. 0.45 lakhs for setting up tourist Information counter in Vijayawada Railway Station. Tourist Information counter was fabricated and action is being taken to set up the same in the Railway Station premises at Vijayawada.

World Food Day
- World Food Day is observed on October 16th every year.
- It is a day designated by the United Nations to raise awareness about hunger, food security, and agricultural issues around the world.
- The first World Food Day was celebrated in 1981, marking the 36th anniversary of the founding of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.
- The theme for World Food Day changes every year, focusing on different aspects of food security and sustainable agriculture.
- The day aims to promote worldwide cooperation and action to ensure that everyone has access to safe, nutritious, and sufficient food.
- Various events and activities are organized on World Food Day, including conferences, seminars, exhibitions, and campaigns.
- Governments, non-governmental organizations, and individuals participate in these activities to raise awareness and take action to end hunger and malnutrition.
- World Food Day serves as a reminder of the importance of food security and the need to eradicate hunger in all parts of the world.
Overall, World Food Day on October 16th is a significant global observance that highlights the importance of food security and promotes efforts to end hunger and malnutrition.

The International Decade for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation (1981-1990)
During the decade of 1981-1990, the international community observed the International Decade for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation. This decade was dedicated to addressing the global issue of access to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities. Here is a detailed explanation of the significance and goals of this international initiative:
1. Background:
- Access to clean drinking water and sanitation is essential for human well-being, public health, and sustainable development.
- Many communities, especially in developing countries, faced challenges in accessing safe drinking water and adequate sanitation facilities.
2. Goals:
- The primary goal of the International Decade for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation was to improve global access to clean water and sanitation.
- The decade aimed to raise awareness about the importance of clean water and sanitation for health, economic development, and poverty reduction.
3. Initiatives and Activities:
- Various initiatives were undertaken during the decade to promote and support access to clean water and sanitation, including:
- Capacity building programs to enhance the skills and knowledge of water and sanitation professionals.
- Infrastructure development projects to improve water supply systems and sanitation facilities.
- Advocacy campaigns to raise public awareness about the importance of clean water and sanitation.
- Research and innovation to develop sustainable and cost-effective solutions for water and sanitation challenges.
4. International Cooperation:
- The International Decade for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation encouraged international cooperation and partnerships.
- Governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and international agencies collaborated to fund and implement projects aimed at improving water and sanitation access.
5. Legacy:
- The efforts made during the decade contributed to significant improvements in access to clean water and sanitation globally.
- The United Nations later established the Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6), which aims to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
Conclusion:
The International Decade for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation (1981-1990) played a crucial role in addressing the global challenge of providing clean water and sanitation facilities. It raised awareness, promoted international cooperation, and implemented various initiatives to improve access to clean water and sanitation. The legacy of this decade can be seen in the continued efforts to achieve SDG 6 and ensure water and sanitation for all.

The Poverty Eradication Year by SAARC
The year observed as Poverty Eradication Year by SAARC is 1995.
Explanation:
SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) is an intergovernmental organization comprising eight countries in South Asia. In an effort to address the issue of poverty in the region, SAARC designated the year 1995 as the Poverty Eradication Year. Here is a detailed explanation:
- SAARC: South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation is an organization formed by eight countries in South Asia - Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
- Poverty Eradication Year: SAARC designated the year 1995 as the Poverty Eradication Year to focus on reducing and eliminating poverty in the region.
- Objective: The objective of observing the Poverty Eradication Year was to raise awareness about poverty-related issues and to implement strategies and policies to alleviate poverty in the member countries.
- Activities: Various activities were organized throughout the year, including seminars, workshops, campaigns, and initiatives aimed at poverty reduction.
- Collaboration: SAARC member countries collaborated with each other and with international organizations to share knowledge, expertise, and resources in the fight against poverty.
- Impact: While the Poverty Eradication Year served as a significant milestone in addressing poverty, the eradication of poverty remains an ongoing challenge in the SAARC region.
Therefore, 1995 is the year observed as the Poverty Eradication Year by SAARC.

Explanation:
National Science Day is celebrated in India on February 28 every year to commemorate the discovery of the 'Raman Effect' by Sir C.V. Raman in 1928. This day is significant in the history of Indian science and serves as a reminder of the importance of scientific research and its impact on society.
Key Points:
- The 'Raman Effect' refers to the phenomenon of the scattering of light by molecules, which led to the discovery of new aspects of the behavior of light and the nature of matter.
- Sir C.V. Raman, an eminent Indian physicist, conducted groundbreaking research on the scattering of light and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his discovery.
- The discovery of the 'Raman Effect' marked a significant milestone in the field of science and brought international recognition to Indian scientific research.
- National Science Day is an occasion to promote scientific temper and encourage scientific innovation among students and researchers.
- Various educational institutions, research organizations, and scientific societies organize events, exhibitions, lectures, and competitions to celebrate National Science Day and create awareness about the importance of science in our daily lives.
Conclusion:
On National Science Day, India celebrates the remarkable achievement of Sir C.V. Raman and his discovery of the 'Raman Effect', which has had a profound impact on the field of science. It serves as a reminder of the contributions of Indian scientists and the importance of scientific research in driving progress and development.

The International Year of Youth (1985)

• Background: The United Nations declared 1985 as the International Year of Youth to raise awareness about the challenges and opportunities faced by young people around the world.


• Purpose: The main objective of the International Year of Youth was to promote the ideals of peace, development, and mutual understanding among young people.


• Focus: The year aimed to highlight the active role of youth in society and encourage their participation in decision-making processes at all levels.


• Themes: The International Year of Youth focused on several key themes, including employment, education, health, drug abuse prevention, and the promotion of human rights.


• Events and Activities: Throughout the year, numerous events, conferences, workshops, and campaigns were organized to engage young people and provide them with platforms to express their views and concerns.


• Impact: The International Year of Youth helped to bring attention to the unique challenges faced by young people and fostered a greater understanding of their needs and aspirations.


• Legacy: The initiatives and dialogue initiated during the International Year of Youth continue to shape policies and programs that address the concerns of young people worldwide.

In conclusion, the International Year of Youth in 1985 aimed to empower and involve young people in shaping a better future for themselves and their communities. It focused on various areas of youth development and provided a platform for dialogue and action on issues affecting young people globally. The legacy of this year is reflected in ongoing efforts to prioritize youth participation and address their specific needs in policy-making and development agendas.

The festival is called in Arabic 'Eid milad-un-Nabi'. However, it is to be emphasized that practicing this festival is not per religion; as the two festivals after end of Ramadan and that during hajj. Celebrating prophet Muhammad birthday, although not per religion, but it is not forbidden. It is considered as good occasion to remind Muslims with the prophet Muhammad teachings and morals and to renew the intention of following and adopting prophet Muhammad guides.

Rosh Hashanah - New Year's Day of the Jewish Community
Rosh Hashanah is the Jewish New Year, which falls on the first and second days of the Hebrew month of Tishrei. It is a significant holiday in the Jewish community and is observed with special prayers, festive meals, and the blowing of the shofar (a ram's horn).
Key Points:
- Rosh Hashanah is celebrated by Jews worldwide.
- It marks the beginning of the High Holy Days, a ten-day period of reflection and repentance leading up to Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement.
- The holiday is associated with themes of introspection, renewal, and starting the year fresh.
- Traditional practices include attending synagogue services, reciting prayers, and participating in festive meals with family and friends.
- The shofar, a symbol of the holiday, is blown during synagogue services to signify the call for repentance.
- Traditional foods like apples dipped in honey and challah bread are eaten to symbolize a sweet and prosperous year ahead.
- Rosh Hashanah is also a time for Jewish people to reflect on their actions from the past year and set intentions for personal growth and improvement in the year to come.
Conclusion:
Rosh Hashanah is the New Year's Day of the Jewish community. It is a time of reflection, renewal, and celebration for Jews worldwide.