Battles & Movements in India Test - 1

• The branch of Anushilan Samiti in Patna was established by Sachindra Nath Sanyal.
• Anushilan Samiti was a revolutionary organization involved in the Indian independence movement against British rule, primarily focused on militant nationalism and was active in the early 20th century.
• Sachindra Nath Sanyal played a significant role in the Indian revolutionary movement and is also known for being a mentor to many revolutionaries, including Bhagat Singh.

• Dhaka Anushilan Samiti was founded in November 1905 as a branch of Anushilan Samiti
• Dhaka Anushilan Samiti sent Revati Nag to Bhagalpur to campaign for revolution.
• It was initiated under the leadership of Pulin Bihar Das.
• Pulin Das was arrested in the Barisal Conspiracy case in 1913 and after this, the progress of this samiti was halted.
• Also, note that Dhaka Anushilan Samiti did not participate in the German plot of World War I.

Home Rule Movement (1916 AD)

• The Home Rule League was pioneered on the lines of a similar movement in Ireland. 
• The Home Rule League in Ireland was started by  Colonel Olcott and Madame Blavatsky.
• Indian Home Rule movement leaders: Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak founded the first home rule league at the Bombay provincial congress at Belgaum in 1916.
• Annie Besant founded the second league at Adyar, Madras in 1916.

Tilak ’s Home Rule Movement

• It started in April  1916 AD at Poona. 
• Tilak ’s league was to work in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Central Province and Berar, excluding Bombay.
• He gave the slogan ‘Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it '.
• Tilak ’s newspapers  Maratha and Kesari  were the organs for home rule.

Annie Basant ’s  Home Rule Movement

• Started with Subramaniya Iyer in  Adyar, Madras in September,  worked in the rest of India.
• Annie Besant ’s newspapers New India and Commonweal became important for this movement.
• She coined the term ‘commonwealth ’.

• Introduction:  The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were introduced in the aftermath of World War I, in recognition of the Indian contribution to the British war effort. The reforms aimed to expand participation of Indians in the governance of British India.
• Report:  The reforms were based on the report submitted by Edwin Montagu and Lord Chelmsford in 1918. This report proposed a new system of administration and a transfer of some powers to elected Indian officials.
• Diarchy:  One of the hallmark features of the reforms was the introduction of the Diarchy (dual government) in the provincial governments. This meant that the governance of each province was divided into two parts: transferred and reserved subjects.
• Transferred Subjects:  Transferred subjects, which included departments like education, health, agriculture, and local government, were to be administered by Indian ministers accountable to the legislative councils.
• Reserved Subjects:  Reserved subjects, including areas like finance, law and order, and land revenue, remained under the direct control of the Governor and his executive council, who were not responsible to the legislature.
• Legislative Reforms:  The reforms also expanded the size of the legislative councils at both the central and provincial levels, incorporating a greater number of elected Indian members and introducing a system of direct and indirect elections.
• Communal Representation:  Another significant aspect of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms was the confirmation and extension of separate electorates for different religious and social communities, such as Muslims, Sikhs, and Europeans, thereby institutionalizing communal representation in Indian politics.

• Zaildar from Haryana during British rule was  Chaudhari Nand Ram Saini.
• He inherited the Zaildari in 1906 when his father died.
• He was appointed  Zaildar from Hissar division, Punjab region.  

Subhash Chandra Bose (1897 - 1945)

• Subhash Chandra Bose was born on  23rd January 1897 , in Cuttack, Orissa Division, Bengal Province.
• The birth anniversary of Netaji on 23rd January is celebrated as  'Parakram Diwas ' .
• Subhash Chandra Bose is popularly known as  'Netaji ' .
• He passed the  Indian Civil Services Examination in 1920  in England but left it on Gandhiji 's call of the Non-cooperation Movement.
• He was the  first elected INC President  at the  Haripura Session in 1938  and Tripuri Session in 1939.
• He founded the Forward Bloc in 1939 and Kisan Sabha.
• The first division of INA was formed in September 1942 with the help of Japan.
• He took the charge of Indian Army (Azad Hind Fauj) in 1943 in Singapore.
• He addressed Mahatma Gandhiji as the  'Father of the Nation '.
• He was highly influenced by  Vivekananda 's  teachings and considered him as his spiritual Guru.
• Chittaranjan Das  was the  "Political Guru of Subhash Chandra Bose " .
• A .N. Mukherjee Commission  enquired about the mysterious disappearance of Bose.
• "Give me blood, I will give freedom "  is a famous word by Netaji.
• The famous slogan - Dilli Challo, Jai Hind.
• Autobiography - The Indian Struggle.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak:

• He launched two newspapers –the Kesari (in Marathi) and the Maratha (in English) .
• He organized  Ganpati Festival  (1893 AD)  and  Shivaji Festival (1895 AD) .
• He was deported to Mandalay Jail (Burma) for writing seditious articles.
• He started the  Home Rule League in 1916 AD.
• He wrote  Gita Rahasya .
• Tilak asserted: ‘Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it ’.
• He was awarded the title of  Lokmanya .
• He was called  ‘Bal ’, Lala Lajpat Rai was called ‘Lal ’and Bipin Chandra Pal was called ‘Pal ’.
• He was a part of the trio of  ‘Lal-Bal- Pal ’
• He wrote the books  The Arctic Home of Vedas   and  Gita Rahasya.