English Test - 45

Key Points

• 'Palaeography' is the study of old handwriting, and the art of deciphering and reading historical manuscripts. (प्राचीन लेखन और ग्रंथों का अध्ययन)
  • Example- Professor Scott spent years in the study of ancient writings and scriptures of Egypt.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 4'.

Additional Information

• Let’s have a look at the meaning of the remaining options.
• 'Alchemy' refers to a medieval chemical science and speculative philosophy aiming to achieve the transmutation of the base metals into gold, the discovery of a universal cure for disease, and the discovery of a means of indefinitely prolonging life. (रसायन विज्ञान)
• 'Geology' is the science that deals with the earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it. (भूविज्ञान)
• 'Ornithology' is the scientific study of birds. (पक्षी-विज्ञान)

Key Points

• NOTES: The word "Taxonomy" is derived from the Greek word taxis meaning "arrangement" + nomia meaning "method". 
• Let's understand the given one words.
  • Taxonomy: Taxonomy is the science of classifying and naming living organisms. It involves identifying and grouping species based on their physical characteristics, genetic relationships, and other factors. Taxonomy is important for understanding the diversity of life on Earth and for providing a system of naming and organizing different species.(जीवों के वर्गीकरण और नामकरण का विज्ञान।)
  • Taxidermy: Taxidermy is the art or practice of preparing, stuffing, and mounting the skins of animals for display or study. It involves preserving the skin, fur, and other features of an animal's body and arranging it in a lifelike pose. Taxidermy is often used to create museum exhibits or as a way of preserving hunting trophies.(प्रदर्शन या अध्ययन के लिए जानवरों की खाल तैयार करने, भरने और चढ़ाने की कला या अभ्यास।)
  • Toxicology: Toxicology is the study of the effects of toxic substances on living organisms. It involves examining the chemical, biological, and physical properties of these substances, as well as their mechanisms of action and the ways in which they can be detected and measured. Toxicology is important for identifying and managing risks associated with exposure to potentially harmful substances.(जीवों पर विषाक्त पदार्थों के प्रभाव का अध्ययन।)
  • Classicology: Classicology is not a commonly used word in English, and it is not found in most dictionaries. It appears to be a made-up word that combines the prefix "classico-" (meaning "classic" or "traditional") with the suffix "-logy" (meaning "the study of"). As such, its meaning would likely depend on the context in which it was used. It could refer to the study of classic literature, music, or art, for example, or to the study of traditional methods or practices in a particular field.(क्लासिक साहित्य, संगीत या कला का अध्ययन, उदाहरण के लिए, या किसी विशेष क्षेत्र में पारंपरिक तरीकों या प्रथाओं का अध्ययन।)
• Thus, as per the above explanation the correct one word for the given group of words is "Taxonomy"

Correct answer: Taxonomy

Key Points

• Aviary is a house, enclosure or other place for keeping birds confined.
  • Synonym- birdhouse, cage.
    • Example- They tamed the parrot inside an aviary they built.
• Hence, option 1 is the correct answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is -'Aviary'.

Additional Information

• House- apartment, shelter, abode.
• Aquarium- fish tank.
• Apiary- a place where bees are kept.

Key Points

• The one-word substitute for the group of words "willful destruction" is "sabotage."
• The term "willful destruction" implies the act of intentionally causing damage or harm to someone or something.
• "Sabotage" means deliberate destruction or damage to property or equipment. (अंतर्ध्वंस, तोड़-फोड़)
  • For example, cutting the brake line of a car to cause an accident or damaging the machinery of a factory to disrupt production can be called sabotage.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option 4.

Additional Information

• Other options and their meanings:
• Disaster - This word refers to a sudden and widespread event that causes great damage, destruction, or loss of life. It is not a one-word substitute for "willful destruction." (आपदा)
  • Example: The earthquake caused a disaster in the region, leaving thousands of people homeless.
• Combustion - This word refers to a process of burning or a chemical reaction that produces heat and light. It is not a one-word substitute for "willful destruction." (ज्वलन, जलना)
  • Example: The combustion engine is widely used in transportation.
• Calamity - This word refers to an event that causes great harm, suffering, or damage. It is not a one-word substitute for "willful destruction." (आपदा, विपत्ति)
  • Example: The flood was a calamity for the farmers in the area, destroying their crops and homes.
• In summary, the correct one-word substitute for the group of words "willful destruction" is "sabotage."

Key Points

• A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two things. Similes differ from other metaphors by highlighting the similarities between two things using comparison words such as "like", "as", "so", or "than". Example: 
  • They fought like cats and dogs.
  • He is as funny as a barrel of monkeys.
  • This house is as clean as a whistle.
  • He is as strong as an ox.

Therefore Option 1 is the correct answer.

Additional Information

• Metaphor : A metaphor is a figure of speech that, for rhetorical effect, directly refers to one thing by mentioning another. It may provide clarity or identify hidden similarities between two different ideas. 
  • Example : “Night owl”, “cold feet”, “beat a dead horse”.
• Apostrophe : Apostrophe is an exclamatory figure of speech. It occurs when a speaker breaks off from addressing the audience and directs speech to a third party such as an opposing litigant or some other individual, sometimes absent from the scene. 
  • Example : "O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?".
• Pun:  A pun is a literary device that is also known as a “play on words.” Puns are generally intended to be humorous, but they often have a serious purpose as well in literary works.
  • ​For eg.: Her cat is near the computer to keep an eye on the mouse.

Key Points

• An oxymoron is a figure of speech in which contradictory terms appear in conjunction.
• In the phrase, "silent scream," the words "silent" and "scream" are contradictory - a scream is typically loud and noticeable, not silent.
• This contradiction is used for dramatic effect, to emphasize the intensity of the speaker's internal reaction to the near jump of the dog.
• Therefore, the figure of speech used in this sentence is an oxymoron.

Key Points

• The word 'as' gives us a hint that the sentence is a simile.
• Simile means- a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (e.g. as brave as a lion ). The use of similes is a method of comparison.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

Important Points

Let's understand the difference between these:

Key Points

• Ultimate (परम): final, last, or most extreme.
  • Example: The ultimate goal of the project is to develop a new vaccine.

• Initial (प्रारंभिक): first, earliest, or beginning.
  • Example: The initial phase of the project will focus on data collection.
• Hence, the correct antonym is ‘initial’.

Therefore, the correct answer is “Option 4”.

Additional Information

• Final (अंतिम): last or concluding.
• Eventual (अंततः): happening or occurring at some future time.
• Decisive (निर्णायक): having or showing determination or resolution.

Key Points

• Personification is a figure of speech in which non-human things or abstract concepts are given human qualities or characteristics.
• In the given sentence, the trees are given the ability to stretch, which is a human characteristic, implying a sense of reaching or yearning.
  • Example: "The clouds wept tears of joy."

Therefore, the correct answer is Option no. 3.

Additional Information

Let us look into the different figures of speech given in the options:

• Figures of speech are used to create vivid and imaginative imagery, emphasize ideas and emotions, and add rhetorical emphasis.
• Onomatopoeia: A figure of speech in which the word used imitates the sound it represents.
  • For example: The sizzling bacon made a "crackling" sound in the pan.
• Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. 
  • For example: His heart was an iceberg, cold and unyielding.
• Simile: A figure of speech in which two, unlike things, are explicitly compared, usually using the words "like" or "as." 
  • For example: As slippery as an eel.

Key Points

• Flexible (लचीला): Capable of bending or being bent without breaking.
  • Example: The gymnast demonstrated her flexibility by doing a backbend.
• Rigid (कठोर): Stiff and inflexible; not easily bent or changed.
  • Example: The metal rod was too rigid to bend.
• Hence, the correct antonym is ‘Rigid’.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 3'.

Additional Information

• Supple (कोमल): Soft, pliable, and flexible.
  • Example: The dancer had supple muscles that allowed her to move gracefully.
• Liberal (उदार): Not strict or narrow-minded; tolerant of different ideas or beliefs.
  • Example: The liberal politician supported same-sex marriage and other progressive causes.
• Adaptable (अनुकूलनीय): Able to adjust to new or changing conditions.
  • Example: The company was able to adapt to the changing market conditions and remained successful.