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GK & Current Affairs Test - 1

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  • Question 1
    5 / -1
    How many kingdoms were included in Mahajanapadas?
    Solution

    The correct answer is 16.

    Important Points

    • Ancient Buddhist Literature, Anguttara Nikaya text gives the list of 16 Mahajanapadas.
    • They are -
      • Kashi
      • Kosala
      • Anga
      • Magadha
      • Vajji
      • Malla
      • Chedi
      • Vatsa
      • Kuru
      • Panchala
      • Machcha
      • Surasena
      • Assaka
      • Avanti
      • Gandhara
      • Kamboja.

    Additional Information

    • These Mahajanpadas are either Monarchy or Republics (Ganasanghas).
    • The important Republics of this period were the Shakyas of Kapilavastu and the Licchavis of Vaishali.
    • The important monarchical Mahajanpadas of this period were Kaushambi (Vatsa), Magadha, Kosala, and Avanti.
  • Question 2
    5 / -1
    Vardhamana Mahavira was the ___________ Tirthankara according to Jain tradition.
    Solution

    The correct answer is 24th

    Key Points

    • Vardhamana Mahavira:
      • Vardhamana Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara of the Jain tradition.
      • He was born at Kundagrama near Vaisali to Kshatriya parents Siddhartha and Trisala.
      • Bimbisara was the contemporary of Vardhamana Mahavira.
      • At the age of thirty, he became an ascetic and wandered for twelve years.
      • In the 13th year of his penance, he attained the highest spiritual knowledge called Kevala Gnana.

    • Teachings of Mahavira -
      • The three principles of Jainism, also known as Triratnas (three gems), are:
      • Right faith
      • Right knowledge
      • Right conduct.
    • Mahavira regarded all objects, both animate and inanimate, have souls and various degrees of consciousness.
    • He advocated a very holy and ethical code of life.
    • Even the practice of agriculture was considered sinful as it causes injury to the earth, worms, and animals.

    Additional Information

    SequenceTirthankaraSymbol
    1stRishabhanathaBull
    2ndAjitanathaElephant
    23rdParsvanathaHooded Serpent
    24thMahaviraLion
  • Question 3
    5 / -1
    Mohenjodaro is situated on the bank of which river?
    Solution

    The correct answer is Indus.

    Key Points

    • Mohenjodaro is situated on the bank of the Indus river.
    • Indus River :
      • The Indus River is one of the main rivers of the Indo-Gangetic Plain in the Indian subcontinent.
      • It flows through the Indian state of Jammu & Kashmir and along the length of Pakistan to the Arabian Sea.
      • Originating in the Tibetan Plateau in the vicinity of Lake Manasarovar, the river runs a course through the Ladakh region of India towards Gilgit-Baltistan.
      • Then flows in a southerly direction along the entire length of Pakistan to merge into the Arabian Sea near the port city of Karachi in Sindh.
    • Mohenjodaro was discovered in 1922 by R. D. Banerji, an officer of the Archaeological Survey of India.
    • Mohenjodaro was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1980.
    • Mohenjodaro was contemporary of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Crete, and Norte Chico civilizations.
    • Mohenjodaro meansMound of the Dead Men” in the Sindhi language.

    Additional Information

    • Indus Valley Civilisation :
      • Indus civilization, also called Indus valley civilization or Harappan civilization, the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent.
      • The Indus River Valley Civilization is considered a Bronze Age society
      • The nuclear dates of the civilization appear to be about 2500–1700 BCE, though the southern sites may have lasted later into the 2nd millennium BCE.
      • The civilization was first identified in 1921 at Harappa in the Punjab region and then in 1922 at Mohenjo-Daro (Mohenjodaro), near the Indus River in the Sindh region.
      • The Indus civilization is known to have consisted of two large cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, and more than 100 towns and villages, often of relatively small size.
    • Seals found in the Indus Valley Civilisation :
      • Archaeologists have discovered thousands of seals, usually made of steatite, and occasionally of agate, chert, copper, faience, and terracotta, with beautiful figures of animals, such as unicorn bull, rhinoceros, tiger, elephant, bison, goat, buffalo, etc.
    • Harappa was discovered by Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahani in 1921.
    • Dholavira was discovered by J. P. Joshi in 1967-68.
    • Chanhudaro was discovered by N. G. Majumdar in1935-36.
  • Question 4
    5 / -1
    "Indica" was a book originally written by ______.
    Solution

    The correct answer is Megasthenes.

    Key Points

    • Indica was written by Megasthenes.​

    Additional Information 

    • The original book is now lost.
      • It has been partially reconstructed by collecting some original paragraphs from the original book.
      • The book gives quite detailed information on the geography of India, Pataliputra  (Capital of Mauryas), absence of slavery in India, Indian philosophers, etc.
    • Megasthenes was the Greek ambassador at Chandragupta Maurya's court.
    • Maurya dynasty was established by Chandragupta Maurya.
      • Chandragupta defeated the last ruler of the Nanda dynasty, Dhana Nand in 321 BC
      • He signed a treaty with Seleucus Nicator acquiring Baluchistan, eastern Afghanistan, and the region to the west of Indus In 305 BC.
      • He married Nicator's daughter.
      • He reigned from 321 BC to 297 BC.
  • Question 5
    5 / -1
    Where was the first Buddhist Council held?
    Solution

    The correct answer is ​Rajagriha.

    Key Points

    • The first Buddhist Council was held at Rajagriha in 487 B.C.
    • The first Buddhist council was held under the patronage of King Ajatashatru(Haryanka Dynasty).
    • It was conducted immediately after the death of Buddha.
    • Its purpose was to maintain the purity of the teachings of Buddha.
       
    Buddhist CouncilPlacePatronised byPresided By
    FirstRajagrihaKing AjatshatruMahakassapa (a monk)
    SecondVaisali (or Vaishali)King KalasokaSabakami
    ThirdPataliputraKing AsokaMoggaliputta Tissa
    FourthKundalvana, KashmirKushan King KanishkaVasumitra
  • Question 6
    5 / -1
    Name the kingdom which first used elephants in wars?
    Solution

    The correct answer is  Magadha 

    Key Points

    • The Magadha kingdom first used elephants in wars.
    • The rulers of Magadha employed elephants as a weapon of large-scale destruction.
    • Magadha was an ancient Indian kingdom in southern Bihar.
    • Magadha was counted as one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas.
    • Magadha also played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism.

    Additional Information

    • The kingdom of the Magadha covers the modern districts of:
      • Patna
      • Jehanabad
      • Nalanda
      • Aurangabad
      • Arwal
      • Nawada
      • Gaya.
  • Question 7
    5 / -1
    Bimbisar belonged to which dynasty?
    Solution

    The correct answer is Haryanaka.

    • Bimbisar belonged to the dynasty of Haryanaka.

    Key Points

    • Haryanaka ​Dynasty (544 BC-412 BC):
      • Bimbisara (544 BC-492 BC):
        • He was the founder of the Haryanaka dynasty with the capital Rajagriha.
        • Magadha came into prominence under the leadership of Bimbisara.
        • He was known as Seniya, he was the first Indian king who had a regular and standing army.
        • He built the city of New Rajagriha.

    Additional Information

    • Other rulers of the Haryanaka ​Dynasty were Ajatashatru, Udayin, Anuruddha, Munda, and Naga-Dasak.
    • Naga-Dasak was replaced by Shishunaga, who then gave birth to the Shishunaga Dynasty.
    • Shishunaga Dynasty ruled from 413 BC-344 BC.
  • Question 8
    5 / -1

    The Chinese traveller Huien Tsang visited India during which king’s rule?

    Solution

    The correct answer is Harshvardhana.

    Key Points

    • Chinese traveler Huien Tsang visited India during the reign of Harshvardhana.

    Additional Information

    • Chinese Traveler visited India
      • Fa-Hien 405 A.D. – 411 A.D. 
        • He was a Chinese Buddhist monk.
        • He visited India during the reign of Vikramaditya (Chandragupta II).
        • He is known for his visit to Lumbini.
        • His voyage is described in his travelogue “Record of Buddhist Kingdoms”.
      • Huien Tsang 630 A.D. – 645 A.D. 
        • He was a Chinese traveler.
        • He visited India during the supremacy of Harsha Vardhana.
        • Si-yu-ki or ‘The Records of the Western World’ was written by him.
  • Question 9
    5 / -1
    Which of the following king was given the title 'Vikramaditya'?
    Solution

    Correct Answer Chandragupta II

    In Ancient India, the Gupta Dynasty ruled the mid-to-late 3rd century (approximately) to 543 AD. Founded by Sri Gupta, the dynasty rose to fame with rulers like Chandragupta-I, Samudragupta, etc.

    Important PointsChandragupta II-

    • Reigned from 376-413/415 CE
    • Navratnas (9 Gems in his Court)
    • He had marked victory over the Shakas and assumed the title of Vikramaditya.

    Additional Information

    Skandagupta-

    • Reigned from 455 AD – 467 AD
    • Was a ‘Vaishnavite‘
    • Son of Kumaragupta
    • Repulsed an attack by the Hunas but this strained his empire’s coffers

    Chandragupta I-

    • Reigned from 319 CE to 335/336 CE
    • Started the Gupta Era
    • He assumed the title of ‘Maharajadhiraja‘
    • Married Lichchavi princess Kumaradevi

    Samudragupta-

    • Reigned from 335/336 CE to 375 CE
    • Called ‘Napolean of India’ by V.A. Smith (Irish Indologist and Art Historian)
    • His campaigns are mentioned in the Eran inscription (Madhya Pradesh)
  • Question 10
    5 / -1
    The main occupation of the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) people was _________.
    Solution

    The correct answer is Hunting
    Key Points

    • The Paleolithic people were grouped into small societies that survived by hunting and gathering
    • They practised fishing, hunting, or scavenging wild animals and gathering resources from plants
    • The Paleolithic age was characterized by the use of stone tools along with wooden or bone tools. 
    • They were used as simple stone tools for chipping and chopping during hunting. 
    • They were not aware of agriculture as well as home construction.

    Important Points

    • The time period of the Paleolithic age is around 2.5 million BC to 8000 BC.
    • The Paleolithic period is divided into three periods- Lower or early Paleolithic up to around 50000 BC; middle Paleolithic from 50000 BC to 40000 BC and upper Paleolithic from 40000 BC to 8000 BC.
    • They were Nomadic people and used to take shelter in Caves
    • Cave painting depicts the artistic activities of these people like those in Bhimbetka (MP).
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