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GK Test - 11

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  • Question 1
    5 / -1

    In which among the following states is the Indus Civilization city Lothal?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • The Indus Civilization city Lothal is in the Gujarat state of India.
    • Lothal was one of the southernmost cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization.
    • Archaeologist S.R. Rao led teams who discovered a number of Harappan sites, including the port city of Lothal in 1954-63.
    • Lothal is located between the Sabarmati river and its tributary Bhogavo, in the Saurashtra region.
    • The people of Lothal made significant contributions to human civilization in the Indus era, in city planning, art, architecture, science, pottery, etc.
    • Features of Lothal:
      • Evidence of double burial
      • Remains of Rice Husk
      • Evidence of terracotta figurine of a horse
      • Dockyard
      • Terracotta model of a ship

    Additional Information

    Other Important Indus Valley Civilisation sites:

    Sites Features
    Kalibangan
    • Evidence of furrowed land
    • Evidence of wooden furrow
    • Evidence of seven fire altars
    • Plowed field surface
    Surkotada
    • Bones of horse
    • Oval grave
    • Pot burials
    • Bead making shops
    Mohenjodaro
    • Great bath
    • Great granary
    • Assembly hall
    • Steatite image of a bearded man
    • Seal of Pashupati
    Dholavira
    • A unique water management system
    • Only site to be divided into 3 parts
  • Question 2
    5 / -1

    Which of these is NOT the correctly matched pair of the location of the Buddhist Councils and the location?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • There are four Buddhist councils, the first one being held around 483 BC under the patronage of King Ajatashatru of the Haryanka Dynasty under the Magadha Empire. The other three Buddhist councils were held around 383 BCE, 250 BCE, and 72 AD respectively.
    • First Buddhist Council:
      • ​Conducted under the patronage of King Ajatasatru of the Haryanka dynasty.
      • It was held at Sattapani caves (Sattaparnaguha) in Rajagriha.
    • ​Second Buddhist Council:
      • ​Conducted under the patronage of King Kalasoka of the Sisunaga dynasty.
      • It was held at Vaishali.
    • Third Buddhist Council:
      • Conducted under the patronage of Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya dynasty.
      • It was held in 250 BC at Pataliputra.
    • ​Fourth Buddhist Council:
      • Conducted ​under the patronage of King Kanishka of the Kushan dynasty.
      • It was held in the 1st century AD (72 AD) at Kundalvana in Kashmir.

    Additional Information

    • Buddhism:
      • Founded by Gautama Buddha (Sakyamuni) known originally as Siddhartha.
      • Teachings of Buddha:
        1. Four Noble Truths (Arya satyas) – Dukkha, Samudaya, Niroda, and Magga.
        2. Eight-Fold Path (Ashtangika Marga) – Right view, Right resolve, Right speech, Right action, Right livelihood, Right effort, Right mindfulness, and Right samadhi (“concentration”).
        3. Three Jewels (Triratnas) – the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha.
        4. Code of Conduct.
        5. Belief in Nirvana.
        6. Belief in Ahimsa.
  • Question 3
    5 / -1

    Who is the author of the drama 'abhignanashakuntalam'?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • Kālidasa was a Classical Sanskrit author who is often considered ancient India's greatest playwright and dramatist.
    • His plays and poetry are primarily based on the Vedas, the Rāmāyaṇa, the Mahābhārata and the Purāṇas.
      • He is the author of Shakuntala.
      • Shakuntala sometimes also referred as Abhiyan Shakuntalam.
      • Some important plays of kalidas are  Shakuntala, Mālavikāgnimitram, Vikramōrvaśīyam.

    Additional Information

    • Some important movies of kalidas are Mahakavi Kalidasu, Shakuntala, Sakuntalai, Kumara Sambhavam, Vikram Urvashi, Malvikagni Mitra, Meghdoot.
  • Question 4
    5 / -1

    During the period of 16 Mahajanapadas, Mathura was the capital of _____________.

    Solution

    Key Points

    • The Mahajanapads were the 16 kingdoms that existed between the 6th-4th century BCE in Northern ancient India.
    • SURASENA
      • The Surasena Mahajanapada corresponds roughly to today's Brij region of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, and Rajasthan.
      • It had Madhura or Mathura as its capital.
      • Avantiputra was the king of Surasena and was a chief disciple of Buddha. He played a significant role in spreading Buddhism.
      • The allied tribes of Yadavas like the Andhakas, the Vrishnis, etc. formed a 'sangha' and Lord Krishna was described as the 'sangha-mukhya'.
      • Megasthenes also described Mathura as the center of Krishna worship.
      • The kingdom was later annexed into the Magadha empire.

    Additional Information

    • Vajji:
      • The kingdom included the Mithila region of Northern Bihar and Vaishali was the capital.
      • It was one of the principal Mahajanapadas of ancient India and was included both in the Buddhist text 'Anguttara Nikaya' and Jaina text 'Bhagvati Sutra'.
      • The kingdom derives its name from one of its ruling clan called 'Vrjis'.
    • Vatsa:
      • The Vatsa or Vamsa kingdom corresponds to today's Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh.
      • The kingdom had Kausambi as its capital.
      • Udayana was a powerful ruler of the kingdom who later became the follower of Buddha and his mother Queen Mrigavati was one of the earliest known female rulers of India.
    • Kashi:
      • The kingdom was the most powerful before Buddha and Varanasi was its capital.
      • King Brihadratha conquered Kosala but later the Kosala king Kansa incorporated Kashi into his kingdom during the Buddha's time.
    • The other Mahajanapadas were - Anga, Assaka, Avanti, Chedi, Gandhara, Kamboja, Kosala, Kuru, Magadha, Malla, Matsya, and Panchala.
  • Question 5
    5 / -1

    The construction of the “Sanchi Stupa” was commissioned by which Mauryan Emperor?

    Solution

    The correct answer is Option 3, i.e Ashoka.

    • The Construction of the "Sanchi Stupa" was commissioned by Ashoka.
    • It is situated at Sanchi Town in Raisen District of Madhya Pradesh.
    • It is also a UNESCO World heritage site.
    • Its official name is Buddhist Monument at Sanchi.
    • Sanchi Stupa number 1 has a large number of Brahmi Inscription.
    • Bindusara was the son of the dynasty's founder Chandragupta.
    • Kautilya or Chanakya (c. 350 - 283 B.C.E.) was an adviser and a Prime Minister to the first Maurya Emperor Chandragupta.

    Key Points

    • With the help of Chanakya (Vishnugupta/ Kautilya), Chandragupta Maurya defeated Dhana Nanda (322 BCE) and founded the Mauryan Dynasty.
    • Chanakya encouraged Chandragupta Maurya and his army to take over the throne of Magadha.
    • His vast empire included Bihar, Bengal, Deccan (except modern Kerala, Tamilnadu, and parts of Northeast India), Eastern Afghanistan, Baluchistan, and the area west of the Indus river.

    Important Points

    bindusara

    • Chandragupta was succeeded by his son Bindusara.
    • Bindusara ruled for approximately 25-26 years and his succession was disputed which ultimately gave India a great king called Asoka.

    Ashoka

    • Asoka was the third and the greatest of the Mauryan rulers.
    • Ashoka is referred to as Ashokavardhana.

    Kunala

    • Kunala was the son of Emperor Ashoka and Queen Padmavati and the presumptive heir to Ashoka.
  • Question 6
    5 / -1

    Ravikirti was the court poet of which of the following dynasty ruler?

    Solution

    Key Points

    ​Ravikirti

    • Ravikirti was the court poet of King Pulakesin II of the Chalukya Dynasty.
    • Pulakeshin II was the most famous ruler of the Chalukya dynasty who reigned from 610 to 642 CE.
    • The most notable military achievement of Pulakeshin II was his victory over the powerful emperor Harshavardhana, who ruled over much of Northern India.
    • The famous Aihole inscription written in classical Sanskrit was composed by Ravikirti.
    • Narasimhavarman I was the ruler of the Pallava Dynasty who defeated Pulakeshin II.
    • Pulakeshin I was the founder of the Chalukya Dynasty.
    • Krishna I was the ruler of the Rastrakuta Dynasty who built the famous rock temple of Kailasa at Ellora.

    Additional Information

  • Question 7
    5 / -1

    Which of the following kings has been mentioned as 'Piyadasi' and 'Devanampriya' in inscriptions?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • The ruler Ashoka is mentioned in the form of "Piyadasi and Devanampriyra" in inscriptions. Ashoka is known in the Puranas as Ashok Vardhan.
    • Ashoka was a Mauryan King. He was the son of Emperor Bindusara and one of his queens named Dharm.
    • In the Bhabha edict, the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka refers to himself as Piyadassi Raja Magadha (Piyadassi, King of Magadha).
    • In this edict, he states his faith in the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha.
    • In the Queen's Edict, Ashoka announces that Queen Karuvaki should be credited for her gifts.
    • The Dhauli Pillar Inscriptions are based on Kalinga War.
    • The Maski version of Minor Rock Edict No.1 is historically important as it confirmed the association of the title "Devanampriya" with the name "Ashoka".
  • Question 8
    5 / -1

    Who was the first ruler of the Gupta dynasty to adopt the grand title of Maharaj-adhiraja?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • Chandragupta I: (319-335CE)
      • ​ He was a king of the Gupta dynasty, who ruled in northern India.
      • His title Maharajadhiraja suggests that he was the first emperor of the dynasty.

    Additional Information

    • Samudragupta: (335-380CE)
      • ​​A ruler of the Gupta Empire of Ancient India.
      • Son of Chandragupta I and the Licchavi princess, Kumaradevi.
      • He greatly expanded his dynasty's political power.
      • Also known as the 'Napolean of India'.
    • Chandragupta II: (380-415CE)
      • He was one of the most powerful emperors of the Gupta Empire in northern India.
      • ​Titles adopted: Vikramaditya, Sakari Devagupta, Devaraja, Devashri.
      • Kalidasa, Dhanvantri, Amasimha, Varahmihir, Vararuchi, Shanku, Kshapanak Ghapkarpar & Vetalbhatta were the Navratnas in his court.
    • Harshavardhana: (606 to 647 AD)
      • He ruled over a major part of North India.
      • Harshavardhana was the son of Prabhakara Vardhana.​
      • Xuan Zang also lived in the court of Harshavardhana.
      • His court poet Banabhatta wrote his biography Harshacharita.
      • Pulakeshin-II defeated Harshavardhana in the year 618 A.D.
  • Question 9
    5 / -1

    Between 4th to 9th century, Kanchipuram served as the capital of which kingdom?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • The Pallava dynasty was an early 4th-century to late 9th-century CE line of rulers in southern India.
    • Pallava was able to sustain their rule for about 500 years.
    • Mahendravarman I is considered to be the greatest ruler of the Pallavas.
    • Kanchipuram was the capital of the Pallavas.
    • Their territories at the height of their powers extended from the northern part of Andhra Pradesh to River Kaveri in the South.
    • Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram and the Kanchi Kailasanathar Temple at Kanchipuram are famous temples constructed during the reign of Pallavas.
    • The Pallavas were great patrons of learning.
    • The symbol of the Pallavas was the Lion (Simha) and the Bull (Nandi), It was interchangeable depending on the preference of the ruler.

    Additional Information

    • Pandya.
      • Pandya dynasty started near about 6th century BC and ended around the 15th century AD.​
      • The capital of Pandyas was Madurai.
      • The symbol of the Pandya Dynasty was the fish.
    • ​Chera.
      • ​The Chera Dynasty is also called the Keralaputra dynasty.
      • Their capital was Muziri also known as Vanchi.
      • Uthiyan Cheralathan, and is widely considered the founder of the Chera Dynasty.
      • Rama Varma Kulakshekhra was the last king of the Chera Dynasty.
      • The bow was the royal emblem of the Chera Kingdom.
    • ​Chola.
      • Vijayalaya was the founder of the Imperial Chola dynasty.​
      • Thanjavur (Tanjore) was the capital of Cholas.
      • Jumping Tiger was the royal emblem of the Cholas.
      • Rajendra Chola III Was the last king of this dynasty
  • Question 10
    5 / -1

    At the banks of which of the following rivers was the Battle of Ten Kings fought in the Early Vedic Period?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • In the battle of ten kings, the priest of Bharatas was Vashishta.
    • The battle is also called Dasarajna and is one of the most important historical events.
    • The battle that was fought between Bharatas on one hand and the host of ten chiefs on the other was known as the Battle of Ten Kings (Dasraja).
    • This battle was fought on the river Parushni, and it gave victory to Sudas, king of Bharatas and established their rule in the upper Gangetic basin where they played an important role in later Vedic times.
    • The battle broke out because of a dispute between Vashishta and Vishwamitra.
    • Vishwamitra supported the group of ten tribes of which five were Aryans and another five were non-Aryans.
    • The battle was fought between Bharatas on one hand and the group of ten tribes on the other.
    • It gave victory to Bharatas and established their supremacy over the region.
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