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GK Test - 18

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GK Test - 18
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  • Question 1
    5 / -1

    Who proposed for a mass Civil Disobedience Movement in 1922 to release the political prisoners of Non Cooperation Movement?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • Mahatma Gandhi proposed for a mass Civil Disobedience Movement in 1922 to release the political prisoners of Non Cooperation Movement.
    • Non Cooperation Movement
      • ​It was launched by Mahatma Gandhi on August 1, 1920.
      • It was the first mass movement organized nationwide during India's struggle for freedom.
      • Nagpur session in December 1920 defined the Non - Cooperation program. Gandhiji said that ff non-cooperation was effectively carried out, India would win swaraj within a year.
      • During the Non-Cooperation Movement thousands of Indians were put in jail. Gandhiji himself was arrested in March 1922, and charged with sedition.
    • In February 1922, a group of peasants attacked and torched a police station in the hamlet of Chauri Chaura, in the United Provinces (now, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand).
    • Several constables died in the fire. This act of violence prompted Gandhiji to call off the movement.
    • Later, Mahatma Gandhi decided to call off the Civil Disobedience movement and entered into a pact with Irwin on 5 March 1931.
      • By this Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference (the Congress had boycotted the first Round Table Conference) in London and the government agreed to release the political prisoners.
      • In December 1931, Gandhiji went to London for the conference, but the negotiations broke down and he returned disappointed.
  • Question 2
    5 / -1

    Who among the following freedom fighters lost his life during the protest against Simon Commission where black flags were waved at the Commission?

    Solution

    Key Points

    Lala Lajpat Rai:

    • Lala Lajpat Rai immensely contributed to attaining the independence of the nation.
    • Besides, a great freedom fighter and leader, Lala Lajpat Rai was also a noted writer.
    • He died after the police lathi-charged on the activists, protesting the arrival of Simon Commission. 
    • On October 30, 1928, to boycott the arrival of the members of the Simon Commission in Lahore, a peaceful procession, headed by Lajpat Rai was launched.
    • Intercepting the march, Superintendent of Police, Scott ordered his police force to ’lathi-charge at the activists.
    • To take avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh and his associates plotted the assassination of Scott.
    • But, the revolutionaries, mistaking J.P. Saunders, an Assistant Superintendent of Police, as Scott, killed him instead.

    Additional Information

    Chittaranjan Das

    • He was born on 5th November 1869 in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    • He was popularly called Deshbandhu which means friend of the country. 
    • He was an Indian politician and leader of the Swaraj (Independence) Party in Bengal under British rule.
    • He was a leading figure in Bengal during the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1919-1922.
    • He initiated the ban on British clothes, setting an example by burning his own European clothes and wearing khadi clothes.
    • He successfully defended Aurobindo Ghosh in the Alipore bomb case.
    • He brought out a newspaper called ‘Forward’ and later changed its name to ‘Liberty’ to fight the British Raj.

    ​Sachindra Nath Sanyal

    • Sanyal was considered the most senior leader of India's revolutionary movement after Subhash Chandra Bose escaped to Japan. 
    • Sanyal was also jailed for his involvement in the Kakori conspiracy but he was later released.
    • Sachindra Nath was also a mentor for revolutionaries like Chandrashekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh.
    • He contracted tuberculosis in jail and was sent to Gorakhpur Jail for his final months.
    • He died on 7 February 1942.

    ​Surendranath Banerjee

    • Sir Surendranath Banerjee often known as Rashtraguru was an Indian nationalist leader during British Rule.
    • He founded a nationalist organization called the Indian National Association and was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress.
    • Surendranath supported Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms, unlike Congress, and with many liberal leaders he left Congress and founded a new organization named Indian National Liberation Federation in 1919.
    • Surendranath Banerjee was born in Calcutta, in the province of Bengal to a Rarhi Kulin Brahmin family, suggesting that the ancestral seat of the family was in the Rarh region of present-day West Bengal.
  • Question 3
    5 / -1

    Who amongst the following attended all three Round Table Conferences (RTC) in London?

    Solution

    Key Points

    Round Table Conferences -

    • The First Conference of the Round Table took place in 1930.
    • The Second Conference of the Round Table was in 1931.
    • The third Round Table Conference took place between 17 November 1932 and 24 December 1932.
    • The three Round Table Conferences of 1930–32 were a series of peace conferences organized by the British Government and Indian political personalities to discuss constitutional reforms in India.
    • All three round table conferences were attended by
      • Dr B.R.Ambedkar,
      • Tej Bahadur Sapru,
      • M. R. Jaykar,
      • N. M. Joshi,
      • C. N. Mudaliar. Hence the correct answer is option 2.
    • Participants of the Third Round table conference
      • Only 46 delegates in total took part in this conference.
      • The INC and the Labour Party decided not to attend it. (The INC wasn’t invited).
      • Indian princely states were represented by princes and divans.
      • British Indians were represented by the Aga Khan (Muslims),
      • Depressed classes
      • women, Europeans, Anglo-Indians and labour groups.
  • Question 4
    5 / -1

    Arrange the following events in chronological order:

    1. Gandhi-Irwin agreement

    2. Poona Pact

    3. Declaration of complete National Independence

    4. Civil Disobedience Campaign

    Codes:

    Solution

    The correct answer is 3, 4, 1, 2.

    • The Purna Swaraj declaration or Declaration of the Independence of India was made at Lahore Session at the banks of Ravi River in December 1929.
    • Gandhi started Dandi March on 12 March 1930 and ended it on 6 April 1930 breaking the Salt Law and with this also launched the Civil Disobedience Campaign.
    • The 'Gandhi - Irwin Pact” signed by Lord Irwin and Mahatma Gandhi in 1931.
    • The Poona Pact was an agreement between Babasaheb Ambedkar and  Mahatma Gandhi in 1932.

    Important Points

    List of some Important events happened between 1930 to 1940.

    • 1931: Karachi Session of Congress
    • 1932: Establishment of Indian Air Force
    • 1932: On 16 August 1932 British PM Ramsay Macdonald made the announcement of Communal Award
    • 1935: Government of India Act passed
    • 1936: Orissa constituted as the province of British India
    • 1937: Congress form ministries in various provinces
    • 1939: Tripuri Session of Congress and Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose formed the All India Forward Bloc.
  • Question 5
    5 / -1

    Arrange the following events in chronological order:

    1. Gandhi-Irwin agreement

    2. Poona Pact

    3. Declaration of complete National Independence

    4. Civil Disobedience Campaign

    Codes:

    Solution

    The correct answer is 3, 4, 1, 2.

    • The Purna Swaraj declaration or Declaration of the Independence of India was made at Lahore Session at the banks of Ravi River in December 1929.
    • Gandhi started Dandi March on 12 March 1930 and ended it on 6 April 1930 breaking the Salt Law and with this also launched the Civil Disobedience Campaign.
    • The 'Gandhi - Irwin Pact” signed by Lord Irwin and Mahatma Gandhi in 1931.
    • The Poona Pact was an agreement between Babasaheb Ambedkar and  Mahatma Gandhi in 1932.

    Important Points

    List of some Important events happened between 1930 to 1940.

    • 1931: Karachi Session of Congress
    • 1932: Establishment of Indian Air Force
    • 1932: On 16 August 1932 British PM Ramsay Macdonald made the announcement of Communal Award
    • 1935: Government of India Act passed
    • 1936: Orissa constituted as the province of British India
    • 1937: Congress form ministries in various provinces
    • 1939: Tripuri Session of Congress and Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose formed the All India Forward Bloc.
  • Question 6
    5 / -1

    The only session of the Indian National Congress which was presided over by Mahatma Gandhi was held at :

    Solution

    Key Points

    • Gandhiji became the president of the Indian National Congress in 1924 at the Belgaum session of the Indian National Congress.
    • 1924 Belgaum Session -President: M.K. Gandhi
    • 1924 Congress Session
      • It was the 39th session.
      • It was held on 26 & 27 December 1924.
      • Gandhiji visited Belagam three times.
      • He attended the Bombay provincial conference of the Home Rule League in 1916.
      • He spent 10 days in the Khadi and Village Industries Centre in Hudali village in 1937.
    • Only Session presided over by Mahatma Gandhi
    • Indian National Congress was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa

    Additional Information

    • The Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay in December 1885.
    • A retired British official, A.O. Hume, also played a part in bringing Indians from various regions together.
    • The formation of the Indian National Congress was an effort in direction of promoting the process of nation-building.
    • In an effort to reach all regions, it was decided to rotate the Congress session among different parts of the country.
  • Question 7
    5 / -1

    On 12th of March 1930, Gandhiji with his 72 followers began a march from _______ up to Dandi coast.

    Solution

    Key Points

    • The Salt March, also known as Dandi March was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience led by Mahatma Gandhi against the salt tax by the British government in India.
    • The march began on 12 March 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram and lasted on 6 April 1930 at Dandi.

    Additional Information

    • The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi in India.
      • It was against the imposed indigo cultivation by the British power.
    • Sevagram is located near Wardha in Maharashtra.
      • Mahatma Gandhi established his ashram at Sevagram in 1936.
      • The ashram employed some Harijans in the common kitchen to break the caste barrier.
    • Santiniketan was originally an ashram built by Debendranath Tagore.
      • Debendranath was the father of the Poet, Rabindranath and was also known as Maharshi.
      • Santiniketan was expanded by Rabindranath Tagore and it became a university town after Visva Bharati was established.
      • Rabindranath Tagore wrote many of his literary classics at Santiniketan.
  • Question 8
    5 / -1

    Which of the following government act permits the establishment of All India Federation in British India?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • The Government of India Act, 1935 was an important statute that proposed the establishment of an All India Federation.
    • It aimed at increasing the participation of Indians in the governance of their country.
    • This act provided for a federal structure of government, combining provinces and princely states as units.
    • Although the federation was never implemented, the act marked a significant step towards self-government.

    Additional Information

  • Question 9
    5 / -1

    Match the two columns which show different events and organizations, and the year of formation.

    Choose the correct option.

    Solution

    The correct answer is A - (iv), B - (i), C - (ii) and D - (iii)

    Key Points

    • Rowlatt Satyagraha:
      • In 1919, Gandhiji gave a call for a satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act that the British had just passed.
      • The Act curbed fundamental rights such as the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers.
      • The Rowlatt Satyagraha turned out to be the first all-India struggle against the British government.
      • During the Rowlatt Satyagraha the participants tried to ensure that Hindus and Muslims were united in the fight against British rule.
    • Hindustan Socialist Republic Organization:
      • Revolutionary nationalists such as Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Sukhdev and others wanted to fight against the colonial rule and the rich exploiting classes through a revolution of workers and peasants.
      • For this purpose they founded the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928 at Ferozeshah Kotla in Delhi.
    • Communist Party of India:
      • It was formed in 1925 at the Indian Communist Conference in Kanpur.
      • The Communist Party of India declared that revolution would be used to build socialism in India.
      • It held  very different ideas about the kind of country India should be.
      Announcement of Purna Swaraj:
      • Jawaharlal Nehru was the President of the Indian National Congress at the Lahore session of Congress in 1929.
      • Purna Swaraj (complete independence) was declared as the ultimate goal after passing a historic resolution at this session.
      • Consequently, “Independence Day” was observed on 26 January 1930 all over the country. 

    Therefore, we can conclude that the correct matching of the different events and organizations with their year of formation is:

  • Question 10
    5 / -1

    Who renounced his knighthood on learning the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • Jallianwala Bagh massacre:
      • On 13th April 1919, a British military officer, General Dyer, ordered his troops to fire on the people who gathered at Jallianwala Bagh (Amritsar) to protest against the arrest of the two nationalist leaders, Satya Pal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew.
      • It is also called a Massacre of Amritsar.
      • Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood.
      • Tagore was a celebrated poet and author who was awarded a knighthood in 1915 for his contributions to literature.
      • He was shocked by the brutality of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which killed at least 379 unarmed demonstrators.
      • He wrote a letter to the Viceroy of India expressing his sorrow and repugnance over the incident.
      • He also stated that "such mass murderers aren't worthy of giving any title to anyone

    Additional Information

    • Subhas Chandra Bose
      • One of the most prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement.
      • Known for his radical and militant approach towards gaining independence from British rule.
      • Founder of the Indian National Army (INA), which played a crucial role in the struggle for independence.
      • Bose famously disagreed with Mahatma Gandhi’s non-violent approach and advocated for armed struggle against the British.
      • His famous slogan: “Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom!”
      • Bose's mysterious disappearance in 1945 has been the subject of much speculation.
    • Lala Lajpat Rai
      • A prominent leader in the struggle for Indian independence.
      • Known for his work in the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress and his strong advocacy for social reform.
      • Famous for leading protests against British rule, especially in the Punjab region.
      • He is remembered for his resistance to British police brutality, notably in the incident where he was injured during a police baton charge while protesting against the Simon Commission (1928).
      • His injuries led to his death, and he became a martyr for the cause of Indian freedom.
    • Mahatma Gandhi
      • Birth: October 2, 1869
      • Known as the Father of the Nation in India for his leadership in the non-violent struggle for independence.
      • Gandhi's principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) and Satyagraha (truth force) became central to India's fight for independence.
      • Led many major movements, including the Salt March (1930) and the Quit India Movement (1942).
      • His leadership was pivotal in mobilizing millions of Indians to demand independence from British colonial rule.
      • Gandhi’s advocacy for communal harmony, social justice, and economic self-sufficiency through the Khadi movement also shaped modern India.
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