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GK Test - 19

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GK Test - 19
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  • Question 1
    5 / -1

    Who among the following national leaders founded the Forward Block in the year 1939?

    Solution

    Key Points

    About Forward BlocK:

    • All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) is a Left Wing Nationalist political party founded by Subhas Chandra Bose in West Bengal in 1939.
    • Forward Bloc of the Indian National Congress (INC) was formed on May 3, 1939, by Subhas Chandra Bose.
    • On the formation of this party Netaji said that who all were joining the Forward Bloc, they had to never turn their back to the Britisher's camp and must fill the oath form by cutting their Finger and signing it with their blood in the form.
    • All India Conference of Forward Bloc held in Nagpur 1940. 
    • The conference passed a resolution titled "All Power to the Indian People", urging militant action for the struggle against the East India Company.

    Additional Information

    About Subhas Chandra Bose:

      • He was born on 23rd January 1897 in Cuttack, Odisha.
      • Subhas Chandra Bose was an active leader of the Indian National Congress.
      • After splitting from Congress, he made an Azad Hind Fauj in Singapore in 1942 to fight against the East India Company.
      • In the year 1923, Subhas Chandra Bose was elected the President of All India Youth Congress and also the Secretary of Bengal State Congress.
      • He was also worked as the Editor of the Newspaper 'Forward', founded by Chittaranjan Das (Deshbandhu).

    Important Points

    Image of the Forward Bloc:

    Notes:

    • Subhas Chandra Bose was earned the title of "Netaji" in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Azad Hind Fauj.
  • Question 2
    5 / -1

    In which of the following Congress Session did the "Quit India" resolution was passed?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • Bombay Session
      • The Quit India resolution was passed during the All India Congress Committee session held in Bombay on August 8, 1942.
      • This session was significant as it marked the launch of the Quit India Movement, a major civil disobedience movement against British rule in India.
      • In this session, Mahatma Gandhi delivered his famous "Do or Die" speech, urging Indians to engage in passive resistance and achieve independence.
      • The resolution called for an end to British rule in India and the immediate withdrawal of British forces from the country.

    Additional Information

    • Karachi Session
      • Held in 1931, it is notable for the resolution on Fundamental Rights and National Economic Programme.
      • It endorsed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact and discussed future strategies for the freedom struggle.
    • Lahore Session
      • Took place in 1929, where the resolution for "Purna Swaraj" or complete independence was passed.
      • The session declared January 26, 1930, as Independence Day, which was later adopted as Republic Day of India.
    • Nagpur Session
      • Held in 1920, it is known for the adoption of the Non-Cooperation Movement under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership.
      • The session aimed at boycotting British goods and institutions to attain self-governance.
  • Question 3
    5 / -1

    Who was the last Governor-General of India after independence?

    Solution

    The correct answer is Chakravarti Rajagopalachari

    Key Points

    • Chakravarti Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India after independence.
    • He served as the Governor-General from 1948 to 1950.
    • Rajagopalachari was the only Indian to hold the office of Governor-General of India.
    • After his tenure, the position of Governor-General was abolished when India became a republic on 26th January 1950.
    • He was a prominent Indian politician, independence activist, lawyer, writer, and statesman.

    Additional Information

    • Chakravarti Rajagopalachari was also known as Rajaji.
    • He was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and played a pivotal role in the Indian independence movement.
    • Rajaji was the founder of the Swatantra Party, which was the main opposition to the Congress Party in the 1960s.
    • He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 1954.
    • Rajaji was also a noted writer and is remembered for his works on Indian epics and philosophy.
  • Question 4
    5 / -1

    Which of the following movements was started by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan?

    Solution

    The correct answer is Khudai Khidmatgars

    Key Points

    • Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Frontier Gandhi, founded the Khudai Khidmatgar movement (also called the "Red Shirts") in 1929.
    • This was a non-violent movement in the North-West Frontier Province (now in Pakistan) aimed at promoting social reform, unity, and the end of British rule.
    • It aligned closely with Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence.

    Additional Information

    • Ghadhar Movement
      • The Ghadhar Movement was initiated by Indian expatriates, primarily in the USA and Canada, in 1913.
      • It aimed to overthrow British rule in India through armed rebellion.
      • Leaders like Lala Hardayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna, and Kartar Singh Sarabha were prominent figures in this revolutionary movement.
    • The Deccan Revolt
      • The Deccan Revolt occurred in the 1870s in the Deccan region of India.
      • It was a peasant uprising against oppressive moneylenders who charged exorbitant interest rates.
    • Individual Satyagraha
      • Individual Satyagraha was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1940 during the freedom struggle.
      • It was a non-violent movement that allowed selected individuals to protest against British rule without inciting mass agitation.
  • Question 5
    5 / -1

    Who among the following first started individual Satyagraha in 1940?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • In Pavnar, the leader of the Individual Satyagraha movement, Acharya Vinoba Bhave started this movement.
    • Acharya Vinoba Bhave inaugurated the individual Satyagraha on 17th October 1940.
    • The individual Satyagraha movement was not to seek independence but to affirm the rights of speech.
    • Acharya Vinoba Bhave became a follower of Mohandas K. Gandhi while studying Sanskrit in Varanasi.
    • In 1940, at Gandhiji’s insistence, Bhave defied British Wartime restrictions and spent nearly five years in prison.
    • Bhave was largely recognised as Gandhi’s heir after his death.
    • He started the Bhoodan Movement, or land-gift activism, in 1951, since he was more interested in voluntary land reform than in politics.
    • He walked hundreds of kilometres soliciting land contributions for redistribution to the landless.​
  • Question 6
    5 / -1

    Which British Prime Minister sent the Cripps Mission to India?

    Solution

    The correct answer is Winston Churchill

    Key Points

    • Winston Churchill, the British Prime Minister at the time, sent the Cripps Mission to India in 1942.
    • It was happened in March 22, 1942
    • It was Led by Stafford Cripps, a senior minister and member of the Labour Party
    • The Purpose is To secure India's support for World War II

    Additional Information

    • Cripps Mission came to India in 1942.
    • Stafford Cripps was a labour minister in Winston Churchill's coalition government in Britain.
    • The Cripps Mission came to India from 22 March to 11 April 1942.
    • Its aim was to obtain Indian cooperation for the British war in the 2nd World war.
    • Proposals of Cripps Mission:
      • Setting up of an Indian dominion. 
      • A Constituent Assembly would be formed to frame a new constitution for the country.
      • India’s defence would be controlled by the British until this new constitution came into force.
      • The transfer of power and the rights of minorities would be safeguarded by negotiations between the Constituent Assembly and the British government.
  • Question 7
    5 / -1

    In 1947, which event led to the partition of India into two separate nations, India and Pakistan?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • The Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Parliament in 1947.
    • It led to the partition of India into two separate nations, India and Pakistan.
    • The Act marked the end of British rule in India and came into effect on August 15, 1947.
    • It provided for the partition of the provinces of Bengal and Punjab between the two new countries.

    Additional Information

    • Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
      • Occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab.
      • British troops under Brigadier-General Dyer opened fire on a crowd of unarmed Indian protesters, killing hundreds.
      • The massacre was a turning point in the Indian independence m
  • Question 8
    5 / -1

    Match List - I with List - II.

    Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

    Solution

    Key Points

    • The August Offer (1940)
      • Proposed by Lord Linlithgow, the then Viceroy of India, to secure Indian cooperation in World War II.
      • Promised dominion status after the war and expansion of the Viceroy's Executive Council to include more Indians.
    • The Cripps Mission (1942)
      • Headed by Sir Stafford Cripps, aimed to secure Indian support for the British war effort in exchange for post-war self-governance.
      • Proposed dominion status and the right for provinces to opt-out of the Indian Union.
    • The Wavell Plan (1945)
      • Introduced by Lord Wavell, the then Viceroy of India, focused on forming an interim government with Indian leaders.
      • Proposed to reconstitute the Viceroy's Executive Council with equal representation for Hindus and Muslims.
    • The Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)
      • Sent by the British government to discuss the transfer of power to Indian leadership and outline the country's future governance.
      • Proposed a three-tier structure, with provinces grouped into sections and the establishment of a Constituent Assembly.

    Additional Information

    • August Offer (1940)
      • While promising dominion status, it was rejected by the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League as inadequate.
    • Cripps Mission (1942)
      • Ultimately failed as it did not meet the demands for full independence and was rejected by major political factions in India.
    • Wavell Plan (1945)
      • Resulted in the Simla Conference, which failed due to disagreements, particularly over Muslim representation.
    • Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)
      • Led to the formation of an interim government but did not prevent the eventual partition of India and Pakistan.
  • Question 9
    5 / -1

    Who among the following was the Viceroy of British India when the Shimla conference was held in 1945?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • Lord Wavell (1943-1947) served as the Viceroy of India during a crucial period of World War II and the lead-up to Indian independence, including the Bengal famine and the Quit India Movement.
    • In 1945, Lord Wavell introduced the "Wavell Plan," proposing a reorganization of the Indian government to include more Indian representatives.
    • The Shimla Conference was convened by Lord Wavell in an attempt to discuss India's political future and the formation of a new executive council that would include more Indian members.
    • It was a key event in India's path to independence but ended unsuccessfully due to disagreements between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.

    Additional Information

    Viceroy Tenure Key Contribution(s)
    Lord Canning 1856-1862 First Viceroy; oversaw the 1857 Revolt and subsequent transfer of power to the Crown.
    Lord Lytton 1876-1880 Organized the Delhi Durbar; passed the Vernacular Press Act, and faced the Great Famine.
    Lord Ripon 1880-1884 Repealed the Vernacular Press Act; introduced local self-government reforms.
    Lord Curzon 1899-1905 Partition of Bengal (1905); reforms in education and preservation of monuments.
    Lord Minto 1905-1910 Morley-Minto Reforms (1909), introducing limited electoral representation.
    Lord Hardinge 1910-1916 Capital moved from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911; faced the Delhi Conspiracy Case.
    Lord Chelmsford 1916-1921 Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1919); Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred under his tenure.
    Lord Reading 1921-1926 Non-cooperation movement and Chauri Chaura incident; repressive laws against Indian protests.
    Lord Irwin 1926-1931 Gandhi-Irwin Pact; First Round Table Conference; Civil Disobedience Movement.
    Lord Mountbatten 1947-1948 Last Viceroy; oversaw the Partition of India and independence.
  • Question 10
    5 / -1

    Which of the following government declared a public holiday on 16 August 1946 as a Direct Action Day?

    Solution

    Key Points

    • The West Bengal government declared a public holiday on 16 August 1946 as a Direct Action Day.
    • The day is also known as the 1946 Calcutta Killings.
    • On 16 August, Suhrawardy asked the Governor of Bengal, Sir Frederick Burrows, to declare a public holiday. 
    • Direct Action Day was a day of widespread communal rioting by Muslims in the city of Calcutta in the Bengal province of British India.
    • The day was initiated by Muslim League and led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
    • The All-India Muslim League was established in 1906 as a political party.
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