Communications ...

A voice-grade channel of the telephone network has a bandwidth of 3.4 kHz. The minimum SNR required to support information transmission through the telephone channel at the rate of 4800 bits / second is

A voice grade AWGN telephone channel has a bandwidth of 4.0 kHz and two-sided \(PSD~\frac{{{\eta _o}}}{2} = 2.5 \times {10^{ - 5}}\) watts/Hz. If the information at a rate of 52 kbps is to be transmitted then minimum bit energy (mJ/bit) for negligibly small error rate is _______.

An analog signal is band-limited to β Hz, sampled at the Nyquist rate and the samples are quantized into 4 levels. The quantization levels Q₁, Q₂, Q_3, and Q₄ (messages) are assumed, independent. If they occur with the probabilities P₁ = P₄ = 1 / 8 and P₂ = P₃ = 3 / 8, then the information rate of the source is

In a communication system, each message (1 or 0) is transmitted three times in order to reduce probability of error. The detection is based on the majority rule at the receiver. If P is the probability of error then for the communication system the error probability is