Biology Test - 5

Planaria, Filamentous algae and Fungi are multiply by the process of fragmentation.

When Planaria get cut into pieces, each piece can regenerate into a complete organism. Cells at the point of the cut grow to form a blastema that will differentiate into new tissues and regenerate the missing parts of the piece of the cut Planaria.

Filamentous algae reproduce by cutting themselves into fragments.

Fungi reproduce asexually by fragmentation, budding, or producing spores.

The animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water is known as filter feeders.

Suspended food (phytoplankton, zooplankton, algae and other water-borne nutrients and particles) are trapped in the mucus of a gill and from there are transported to the mouth, where they are eaten, digested and expelled as pseudo feces.

Hard calcium carbonate structures are used as skeleton by Echinodermata.

The body wall of Echinodermata is covered with spiny, hard, calcareous (calcium carbonate) plates that form a rigid or flexible endoskeleton. The skeleton is made up of calcium carbonate. They have an open circulatory system. They respire through gills or cloacal respiratory tree.

The cell wall is composed of cellulose and it is most prominent in plant cells. It provides a structural framework to the cell and provides strength and rigidity to the cell.

Mycoplasma lacks a cell wall around its plasma membrane which makes it resistant to common antibiotics such as penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis.

Sphagnum is a genus of mosses, commonly known as peat moss. Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter that is unique to natural areas called peatlands. As sphagnum moss grows, it can slowly spread into drier conditions, forming larger peatlands.

Under a particular set of selection pressures, organisms evolve towards the most efficient reproductive strategies.

The term reproductive strategy is loosely used to refer to the way an animal mates and or raises offspring. It could also refer to semelparous reproduction, one reproductive episode in a lifetime or iteroparous reproduction, multiple reproductive episodes over the course of an organism's life.

Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them harmful to a degree.The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport and propagation systems.

Adverse effects of noise pollution:

• There is a partial loss of hearing (deafness)
• It affects the reproductive system.
• A foetus may develop defects.
• It affects human performance in tasks requiring communication skill and thinking.
• It causes high Blood Pressure (B.P.)

Noise pollution is associated with several health conditions, including cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, high-stress levels, tinnitus, hearing loss, sleep disturbances and other harmful and disturbing effects.Unwanted sound (noise) can damage physiological health.

A single-step large mutation that leads to speciation is known as saltation. Saltation is a sudden change that occurs in the gene that gets transferred from one generation to the next, that is large, or very large, in comparison with the usual variation of an organism. The term is used for nongradual changes especially the single-step, that is why the term large mutation is used. The single-step mutation is speciation, can be achieved in a single and in evolutionary terms, for example, mutation by polyploidy in plants.

A 'giant mouse' in the laboratory can be produced by gene manipulation.

Gene manipulation is also sometimes called the genetic engineering. It is a general term for any methods which manipulate with the genetic material. Gene manipulation includes gene splicing, use of recombinant DNA, forming monoclonal antibodies or PCR. Genetically engineered giant mice illustrate the expression of foreign genes in mammalian cells. Giant mouse were produced by introducing the gene for rat growth hormone into a fertilized mouse egg.

System of classification used by Linnaeus was artificial system.

The artificial system of classification put forward by Linnaeus classified organisms on the basis numerical strength of sex organs like androecium number in a flower of a plant. In this system, phylogenetic or evolutionary relationships between organisms were not considered.