Chemistry Test - 1

Thermoplastics are linear or slightly branched long-chain molecules. They are capable of repeatedly softening on heating and hardening on cooling. The molten thermoplastics can be molded in the desired shape. It is a polymer that becomes pliable or moldable above a specific temperature and returns to a solid-state upon cooling.

The compounds that contain carbon are known as organic compounds. Most abundant organic compound on earth is cellulose.

Carbohydrates are grouped into monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Cellulose, a storage form of carbohydrate found in plants that humans cannot digest, is among the most plentiful of the carbohydrates worldwide. Cellulose is a polymer of linear polysaccharide, with several monosaccharide glucose units. The acetal linkage is beta which distinguishes it from starch. Human beings are unable to digest cellulose because there are no sufficient enzymes for breaking down beta-acetal linkages.

+3 oxidation state is common for all lanthanides.

• [Xe]4f¹⁻¹⁴ 5d⁰⁻¹ 6s² is the general configuration of Lanthanides.
• It may seem +2 should be the common oxidation state but relative stability depends on other factors as well.
• Lanthanides most commonly shows +3 oxidation state due to high hydration enthalpy than of +2 oxidation state.

Group 16 Elements is also called chalcogens.

The chalcogens are the chemical elements in group 16 of the periodic table. This group is also known as the oxygen family. It consists of the elements oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and the radioactive element polonium (Po).

C₄H₉ does not belongs to homologous series.

Homologous series is a series of compounds with similar chemical properties and some functional groups differing from the successive member by CH₂.

Carbon chains of varying length have been observed in organic compounds having the same general formula.

Alkanes with general formula C_nH_2n+2 alkenes with general formula C_nH_2n and alkynes with general formula C_nH_2n−2 form the most basic homologous series in organic chemistry.

Surface tension is the property by virtue of which liquid tries to minimize its free surface area. In a spherical shape, the surface area is minimum and for this reason, the raindrops are spherical. Surface tension is measured as the force acting per unit length of an imaginary line drawn on the liquid surface.

Odd electron molecules like NO, NO₂ are generally paramagnetic as they contain one unpaired electron each. NO, NO₂ have 15 and 23 electron respectively. Nitrogen has many oxides. Among all NO and NO₂ are paramagnetic.

Autoxidation is any oxidation that occurs in presence of oxygen. The term is usually used to describe the degradation of organic compounds in air (as a source of oxygen). Autoxidation produces hydroperoxides i.e. formation of H₂O by the oxidation of H₂O₂, and cyclic organic peroxides. These species can react further to form many products. The process is relevant to many phenomena including aging, paint, and spoilage of foods, degradation of petrochemicals, and the industrial production of chemicals. Autoxidation is important because it is a useful reaction for converting compounds to oxygenated derivatives, and also because it occurs in situations where it is not desired (as in the destructive cracking of the rubber in automobile tires or in rancidification).

Elements stannum are metal in group 14.

There are mainly five elements in carbon family; carbon, silicon, germanium, stannum and plumbum. The carbon and silicon are non-metals, germanium is a metalloid whereas stannum, plumbum are metals.

Mold inhibitors are feed additives used to minimize mold contamination and prevent mold growth in grain and feed. The most common types of mold inhibitors used in baked goods include propionates, sorbates, benzoates, acetic acid, and parabens. Sorbic acid is used as a mold inhibitor in cheese. The quantity of Sorbic acid required for mold inhibition is one third the amount of sodium benzoate required. Propylene glycol and tri ethylene glycol have germicidal properties.