Chemistry Test - 10

Hydrides of Germanium are known as germanes.

The hydrides of carbon are called hydrocarbons alkanes, alkenes or alkynes, whereas the hydrides of silicon are called silanes and the hydrides of germanium are called Germanes the only hydrides of stannane and plumbum are stand and plumbane.

Helium (He) is used as a diluent for oxygen. The mixture is used by sea divers as its solubility is very low in blood. As deep sea divers are under very high pressure of water, at that pressure oxygen are not able to dissolve in our blood so helium is used to fulfill the requirement.

Helium is an inert gas and is not toxic. However breathing pure helium is dangerous because it excludes needed oxygen. Deep sea divers can remain at depth only for controlled periods and must come up slowly and even remain at specified depths to avoid the bends. When ordinary air is used for diving the oxygen in the air is used up by the body but the nitrogen builds up to a new equilibrium state at the higher pressure required at great depths.

Ozonolysis is an organic reaction where the unsaturated bonds of alkenes or other unsaturated compounds are cleaved using ozone as the reagent.

Alkenes, as well as alkynes, form, compounds such that the multiple bond system is replaced by the carbonyl group thus forming either ketones or aldehydes. On the other hand, multiple bond systems containing nitrogen form nitrosamines.

As suggested in the hint, we will join the carbon atoms containing the carbonyl functional group. We will replace the oxygen atom with a common double bond between the carbon atoms under consideration. With this we will obtain the cyclic product which is the original reactant for ozonolysis.

The structure of the reactant is given below:

The Newmann's projection is the most stable conformation about C₁ - C₂ bond of 1-chloro 2-methyl propane. The Cl atom and the methyl groups are trans to each other and the steric interactions are minimized. As we can see both A and B are the mirror image of each other. Hence, the 3 statement is correct Compounds B and C are enantiomers.

H₂S is less acidic than H₂Te because as we move down the group, the bond dissociation enthalpy decreases i.e it becomes easy to dissociate or break the bonds.

Ozone is thermodynamically less stable than oxygen because its decomposition into oxygen results in the liberation of heat (is negative) and an increase in entropy (is positive).

Phosphorus does not belong to group \(16\) of the periodic table.

Group \(16\) of the periodic table consists of five elements:

• Oxygen (O)
• Sulphur (S)
• Selenium (Se)
• Tellurium (Te)
• Polonium (Po)

The elements of this group are commonly known as the oxygen family after the name of its first member.

When an amide is treated with bromine in an aqueous or ethanolic solution of sodium hydroxide, degradation of amide takes place leading to the formation of primary amine. This reaction involving degradation of amide and is popularly known as Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction.

A nucleotide is formed of nitrogen base, sugar and phosphate.

A nucleotide is composed of three distinctive chemical sub-units: a five-carbon sugar molecule, a nucleobase, (the two of which together are called a nucleoside) and one phosphate group.With all three joined, a nucleotide is also termed a "nucleoside mono-phosphate", "nucleoside di-phosphate" or "nucleoside tri-phosphate", depending on how many phosphates make up the phosphate group. The nucleobase molecule, also known as a nitrogenous base.

Sodium monoxide \(\mathrm {(Na_2 O)}\) is ordinarily formed upon oxidation of sodium in dry air. The superoxide \(\left(\mathrm{NaO_2}\right)\) can be prepared by heating metallic sodium to \(300^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \space \left(570^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right)\) in an autoclave (a heated pressure vessel) containing oxygen at high pressure.

In the periodic table, the Actinoid element or the actinide element, any of a series of 15 consecutive chemical elements from actinium to lawrencium (atomic numbers 89–103).

As a group, Actinoid elements are significant largely because of their property of being radioactive.

Curium (Cm), a synthetic chemical element having atomic number 96 comes under the Actinoid series of the periodic table.

Actinoid elements are actinium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium and lawrencium.