Chemistry Test - 3

Protein synthesis in a cell takes place in cytoplasm as well as in mitochondria. Protein synthesis takes place during the translation process inside the ribosomes. The ribosome is the protein factory of the cell. Ribosomes are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes are also found in association with other cell organelles like mitochondria.  The ribosomes are synthesized in the nucleolus. Also, the ribosomes are found attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) means they are found freely present in the cytoplasm. 70 S ribosomes are found in the matrix of the mitochondria of both the prokaryotic and the eukaryotic cells. This is because mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and the major site for aerobic respiration and ATP production.

According to Fajan's rule, Li⁺ shows the greatest polarising power. According to Fajan's rules of polarization, the more the size of anion, the more easily will it be polarized, and hence compound will be more non-polar. Less the size of the cation, more will be its polarizing power and hence compound will be more non-polar. Now, among all the ions given to us, the Li⁺ ion is the smallest in size because it has lost 3 electrons so it becomes very small as compared to other ions (the effective nuclear charge increases to a maximum amount). So, It will have maximum polarizing power. Smaller cations that have higher positive charges will have better polarizing power because the positive charge is distributed in a relatively small area. Li⁺ ion has the highest polarising power among the alkali metal ions.

Here compound A₃ (BC₄)₂ is possible as in it sum of oxidation numbers is zero as follows:

The alkene is a compound in which there is a double bond and when it is treated with ozone the double bond will break and will form two compounds having the carbonyl group. And the question is given that the two products formed are propanone and ethanol.

Complete step by step solution:

So, when 2− Methyl but−2−ene is reacted with HCl, the addition of chloride ion takes place in such a manner that the major product is the one in which the chlorine atom is attached to the tertiary carbon atom. So, the reaction is given below:

Elements of the periodic table are groups of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr) called alkali metals. This group is located in the s-block of the periodic table. Alkali metals have similar properties. They are all soft, shiny, and highly reactive at standard heat and pressure and can be cut easily with a knife due to softness. Since they are going to react quickly, they should be stored in oil, etc. to stop the chemical reaction between air and them. The tendency to form superoxides among alkali metals increases down the group Here Li and Na do not form stable superoxide.

In this reaction Mixture of 1, 2−dibromopropane and 1-bromo−2 chloropropane is formed as follows:

The energy required to remove an electron from its valence shell is known as ionization energy. As we move down group 17, the ionization energy decreases. This is because as we move down the group the size of the atom increases which decreases the attraction of the valence electrons and therefore only little ionization energy is required to remove an electron from the valence shell from any halogens. The ionization energy of fluorine is comparatively higher than any other halogen which is due to its small size because of which greater will be the attraction between the core and the valence shell.

A reaction, A + B → C + D + q is found to have a positive entropy change. The reaction will be possible at any temperature.

Oxides are chemical compounds that have at least one oxygen atom and at least one other element. Most of the Earth's surface is made up of oxides. Oxides are formed by the oxidation reaction of oxygen in the air of the elements. At normal temperatures, a thin layer of oxide is added to the surface of metals such as magnesium, aluminum, zinc, lead, etc. This layer of oxide protects metals from re-oxidation.

Here, Aluminum is protected due to formation of a layer of Al₂O₃ on its surface.