Chemistry Test-23

Nylon is a Polyamide fibre.

Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers, based on aliphatic or semi-aromatic polyamides. Nylon is a thermoplastic silky material that can be melt-processed into fibers, films or shapes. It is made of repeating units linked by amide links similar to the peptide bonds in proteins.

A coordination entity consists of a central metal atom bonded to a fixed number of atoms/molecules. Here, K⁺ is the counter ion, OH is the molecule bonded to the central atom which is Zn.

Avogadro's hypothesis: All gases containing equal moles if substance occupy the same volume at the same temperature and pressure.

So, equal volumes of gases will have an equal number of particles that can be atoms or molecules.

\(\Delta \mathrm{H}<\Delta \mathrm{E}\) only if the number of moles of products is less than the number of moles of the reactants.

If \(n_{p}

\(n_{r}=\) No. of moles of reactants , \(n_{g}=\) No. of moles of gas

Therefore, \(\Delta H<\Delta E\)

The substance that loses electrons is oxidized and is called reducing agent. The substance that gains electrons is reduced and is called oxidizing agent. In the given equation, the addition of sodium (\(\mathrm{Na}\)), oxygen (\(\mathrm{O}_{2}\)) to sodium oxide (\(\mathrm{Na_{2}O}\)) is getting oxidised.

\(4Na( s )+ O_{2}( g ) \rightarrow 2 Na_{2} O\) (s)

Oxidized substance- \(Na\)

Reduced substance- \( O_{2}\)

Argentite is a mineral of \(\mathrm{Ag}\). Argentite is a silver sulfide mineral and is an important constituent of silver ore deposits. It contains around \(87 \%\) silver.

The term vitamin was introduced by Dr. Casimir Funk. He named nutritional parts of food as a "vitamine" after "vita" meaning life  and "amine" from compounds found in the thiamine, he isolated from rice husks. 

But later it was found that vitamin are not amines. Thus vitamin was later shortened to vitamin.

The vapor pressure of the solvent above a solution containing a non-volatile solute (i.e., a solute that does not have a vapor pressure of its own) is directly proportional to the mole fraction of solvent in the solution. This behavior issummed up in Raoult's Law \(\mathrm{P}_{\text {Solution }}^{\circ}=\mathrm{X}_{\text {solvent }} \times \mathrm{P}_{\text {solvent }}^{\circ}\)

The atomic mass of \(Al =27 g / mol\)

\(9 g\) of \(A l=\frac{9}{27}=0.333\) moles

\(1\) mole \(Al =3\) moles electrons.

\(0.333\) moles \(Al =0.333 \times 3=1\) mole electrons

\(1\) mole electrons \(=1\) faraday of electricity \(=96500 C\).

The value of Universal gas constant R is 8.3144 J.mole⁻¹.K⁻¹

- There is a relationship between ideal gas equation and Universal gas constant.

- The ideal gas equation is as follows.

PV = nRT

Here, P =Pressure of the gas

V = Volume of the gas

N= Number of moles of the gas

R = universal gas constant

T = Temperature of the gas

- We can write the ideal gas equation as follows.

R=PV/nT

- From the above formula we can say that universal gas constant is directly proportional to Pressure and Volume of the gas and inversely proportional to Temperature.

- Means Universal gas constant is going to be depending on the pressure, volume and temperature of the gas.

- Therefore the value of the universal gas constant R depends upon the units of measurements.