Chemistry Test-38

Lipids are broken down in the digestive tract to form fatty acids and cholesterol. Fatty acids and cholesterol are key components of cell membranes that regulate its fluidity and permeability. Lipids of the nervous system are localized in myelin sheaths thereby providing electrical insulation.

The structure given below is known aspenicillin G.

Penicillin G is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes pneumonia, strep throat, syphilis, cellulitis, tetanus, etc.

Penicillin G has a narrow spectrum. Those effective mainly against Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria are narrow-spectrum antibiotics.

Heavy hydrogen(Deuterium) is ₁D² or ₁H².

Number of neutrons = Mass number(A) - Atomic number(Z)

For heavy hydrogen, Mass number = 2 and Atomic number = 1.

Number ofneutrons = 1.

Thus, Heavy hydrogen contains one proton and one neutron.

Only density will change. Pressure and temperature will remain same. Density will depend on molar mass as number of moles and volume are constant. Pressure and temperature will depend only on volume and number of moles which are same for both gases.

Neoprene is a synthetic polymer which resembles natural rubber.

Natural rubber is a linear polymer of 2-methyl-1, 3-butadiene called as isoprene and Neoprene is a linear polymer of 2-chloro-1, 3butadiene called as chloroprene.

On its own, neoprene is commonly used to mass-produce reliable gaskets, cable jackets, tubing, O-rings, seals, tire-sidewalls, gasoline hoses, wetsuits, and orthopaedical braces.

Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a long duration turns grey due to the formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride.

We know that the decomposition reaction in reactants broken down to simpler substances by absorbing energy from photons is defined as a photolytic decomposition reaction.

Silver halides, especially silver chloride undergo decomposition in presence of sunlight to produce silver metal and a halogen gas (chlorine or bromine gas).White color of silver chloride changes to grey due to formation of silver metal. The reaction for the exposure of silver chloride to sunlight is:

\(2 \mathrm{AgCl}(\mathrm{s}) \ce{->[\quad sunlight\quad ]} 2 \mathrm{Ag}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})\)

Methylamino methane has \(2\) methane groups attached to \(\mathrm{N}\) directly.

The cause of deviation from ideal behaviour is high temperature.

Assumptions of kinetic theory of gases:

1). The volume occupied by gas molecules is negligibly small as compared to the volume occupied by the gas.

The first assumption is valid only at low pressures and high temperature, when the volume occupied by the gas molecules is negligible as compared to the total volume of the gas. But at low temperature or at high pressure, the molecules being in compressible the volumes of molecules are no more negligible as compared to the total volume of the gas.

2).The forces of attraction between gas molecules are negligible.

The second assumption is not valid when the pressure is high and temperature is low. But at high pressure or low temperature when the total volume of gas is small, the forces of attraction become appreciable and cannot be ignored.

Step 1:

Generally metals reacts with acids to give salt and hydrogen gas. For example:

\(\mathrm{K}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4(a q)+\mathrm{H}_2(g) \)

\(2 \mathrm{~K}(\mathrm{~s})+2 \mathrm{HCl}(a q) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{KCl}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_2(g)\)

Step 2:

The end product of the reaction nitric acid with metals depends on the reactivity of the metal since nitric acid is a strong oxidizing agent that can oxidise hydrogen gas produced to water along with the production of oxides of nitrogen.

For example:

\(\mathrm{Mg}(\mathrm{s})+2 \mathrm{HNO}_3(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{Mg}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2(a q)\mathrm{H}_2(g) \)

\(\mathrm8 \mathrm{~K}(\mathrm{~s})+10 \mathrm{HNO}_3(a q) \rightarrow 8 \mathrm{KNO}_3(a q)+ \)\(\mathrm{N}_2 \mathrm{O}(g)+5 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(l)\)

Step 3:

In the second reaction of metal with nitric acid, no hydrogen gas is produced because the hydrogen gas produced by displacement is oxidised to water.