GAT Test - 14

The correct answer is 1 and 2 only.

Key Points

• Landforms take shape over millions of years and are influenced by environmental factors. Processes like erosion, weathering, and tectonic activity shape landforms over long periods. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The type of landform influences the flora and fauna that can thrive in that region. Different landforms support specific ecosystems and biodiversity. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Human populations are not evenly distributed; they tend to concentrate in areas with favorable living conditions, like plains. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

The correct answer is Only two. 

Key Points

• Mount Everest is located in Asia. Hence, Pair 1 is correctly matched.
• Mount Kilimanjaro is located in Africa. Hence, Pair 2 is incorrectly matched.
•  Mount Aconcagua is the highest peak in South America. Hence, Pair 3 is correctly matched.
•  Mont Blanc is located in Europe. Hence, Pair 4 is incorrectly matched.

The correct answer is option 2

Key Points

•  Plateaus are elevated flat or gently sloping areas. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
•  Plains are generally lower and flatter compared to elevated plateaus. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
•  Floodplains are created by the deposition of sediments during river flooding. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

The correct answer is option 2.

Key Points

• France has 12 time zones(13 including its claim in Antarctica and all other countries), the most of any country in the world. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• China, despite its size, follows a single time zone (Beijing time). Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The United States has 6 time zones (excluding territories), fewer than Russia. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Correct Answer: Option 1

Key Points

• The continental crust is largely composed of silica (Si) and alumina (Al), commonly known as "sial." These minerals give the crust its less dense and granitic characteristics compared to the oceanic crust.
• Nickel and iron are not predominant in the continental crust. These elements are mainly found in the Earth's core, contributing to its density.
• Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is below 30%.

Key Points

• The Accelerated Female Literacy Programme was initiated in districts where the female literacy rate was below 30% based on the 2001 census.
• This initiative aimed to address the significant gender gap in literacy rates.
• The program focused on empowering women through education, which is crucial for social and economic development.
• It included various measures such as adult education centers, literacy campaigns, and skill development programs to improve female literacy rates.

Additional Information

• Female Literacy Rate:
  • The female literacy rate is the percentage of women who can read and write at a specified age, typically 15 years and older.
  • It is a crucial indicator of gender equality and women’s empowerment.
  • Higher literacy rates among women are associated with better health outcomes, lower fertility rates, and improved economic opportunities.
• 2001 Census:
  • The 2001 Census of India was the 14th census conducted in the country.
  • It provided comprehensive data on various demographic parameters, including literacy rates, population distribution, and socio-economic indicators.
  • The data from the census is used for planning and implementing various government policies and programs.
• Educational Initiatives for Women in India:
  • Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP): Launched in 2015, this campaign aims to address the declining child sex ratio and promote the education and empowerment of girls.
  • Saakshar Bharat Mission: Aimed at increasing adult literacy rates, particularly among women, by providing basic education and skill development.
  • National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL): Focuses on enhancing the education of girls in educationally backward blocks.
• Importance of Female Education:
  • Educated women are more likely to participate in the workforce, contributing to economic growth.
  • They are better equipped to make informed decisions about health, nutrition, and family planning.
  • Female education contributes to overall social development and reduces gender disparities.

The correct answer is Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true.

Key Points

Statement 1: Orographic clouds form when moist air is forced to ascend over a mountain barrier is true because,-

• Orographic clouds are a type of cloud formation that occurs when moist air is lifted as it moves over a mountain range.
• This lifting of air occurs due to the topography of the mountain, which forces the air upwards, leading to a decrease in temperature.
• As the air rises, it cools adiabatically, which is the cooling process that happens when air expands as it rises.
• Cooling causes the air to reach its saturation point, leading to the condensation of water vapor into cloud droplets, thereby forming orographic clouds.
• This process is an example of the adiabatic lapse rate, which is the rate of temperature change occurring within a rising or falling air parcel.

Statement 2: These clouds typically result in precipitation on the windward side of the mountains is also true. 

• The windward side of a mountain is the side that faces the prevailing winds and is the first to encounter moist air.
• As moist air ascends the windward slope, it continues to cool and condense, often reaching the level where condensation occurs, resulting in cloud formation and subsequently precipitation.
• This process leads to higher amounts of precipitation on the windward side due to the continuous uplift and cooling of moist air.
• Precipitation on the windward side can vary from light showers to heavy rainfall, depending on the amount of moisture in the air and the height of the mountain.
• The leeward side, also known as the rain shadow area, typically experiences significantly less precipitation because the air loses much of its moisture before descending and warming on this side.

Additional Information

• Orographic lift is an important process in meteorology and is one of the key mechanisms responsible for mountain weather patterns.
• Orographic clouds can lead to orographic precipitation, which is a vital water source for many mountain regions and their nearby ecosystems.
• This type of precipitation is crucial for maintaining water supplies for rivers, lakes, and reservoirs situated at lower elevations.

The correct answer is ''Forceful resistance offered by 'sial' against 'sima''

Key Points

• Wegener's Theory of Folded Mountains:
  • Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of Continental Drift which suggests that continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea.
  • He explained that the movement and collision of these continental blocks are responsible for the formation of folded mountains.
  • The process involves the crumpling and folding of the Earth's crust due to the compression forces at convergent boundaries where plates collide.

Additional Information

• Crumpling of the frontal edges of continental blocks:
  • Wegener argued that when continental blocks move, their frontal edges may crumple, leading to the creation of mountain ranges.
  • This process is part of the interaction at convergent boundaries, contributing to orogeny (mountain-building).
• Resistance from the sea-floor (sima):
  • The term 'sima' refers to the oceanic crust made up of silicate and magnesium.
  • Wegener included the resistance from this oceanic crust against the moving continental blocks as a contributing factor to mountain formation.
• Compression due to collision of continental plates:
  • Wegener’s theory emphasizes that the collision and subsequent compression of continental plates cause significant folding and crumpling of the crust, forming folded mountains.
  • This is considered a primary mechanism in the formation of major mountain ranges like the Himalayas and the Alps.

Important Points

• The concept of 'sial' and 'sima' relates to the composition of the Earth's crust, where 'sial' stands for silicate and aluminum (continental crust) and 'sima' stands for silicate and magnesium (oceanic crust).
• While Wegener acknowledged the resistance of sima in the context of mountain building, his theory did not focus on 'forceful resistance offered by sial against sima' as a significant factor in the formation of folded mountains.
• Understanding these concepts is crucial for grasping the fundamentals of plate tectonics and the geological processes leading to the formation of various landforms.
• Wegener's theories laid the foundation for modern geology and tectonics, although some aspects of his work, like the specific forceful resistance mechanism, evolved with further scientific advancements.

The correct answer is 'Jupiter.'

Key Points

• Jupiter:
  • Jupiter is the largest planet in our Solar System and has the shortest day of all the planets.
  • Jupiter completes one rotation on its axis approximately every 9.9 hours (about 10 hours).
  • This rapid rotation contributes to its oblate shape, meaning it is slightly flattened at the poles and bulging at the equator.
  • The high rotational speed also drives dynamic weather patterns and contributes to its prominent equatorial bands and the Great Red Spot, a giant storm system.

Additional Information

• Earth:
  • Earth takes approximately 24 hours to complete one rotation on its axis, defining the length of our day.
• Mars:
  • Mars has a day length of about 24.6 hours, very similar to Earth's day.
• Venus:
  • Venus has a very long rotation period; it takes about 243 Earth days to complete one rotation on its axis.
  • Interestingly, Venus rotates in the opposite direction to most planets, meaning the Sun rises in the west and sets in the east.

Important Points

• Jupiter's rapid rotation has significant effects on its atmospheric phenomena and magnetic field.
• Understanding the rotational periods of planets helps in comprehending their weather systems, surface conditions, and overall planetary dynamics.
• Jupiter's short day length compared to its massive size is a fascinating aspect of planetary science, demonstrating the diverse characteristics of celestial bodies in our Solar System.

The correct answer is Compressed Natural Gas is mainly methane while Liquefied Petroleum Gas is a mixture of propane and butane.

Key Points

•  LPG
  • Liquefied petroleum gas consists of propane and butane.
  • Liquefied petroleum gas is used as fuel for home and industry.
  • The chemical which is added to liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) to detect leakage is ethyl mercaptan.
  • Liquefied petroleum gas used for domestic applications in cylinders under relatively low pressures.
  • Liquefied petroleum gas can be stored nearly indefinitely without degradation. 
  • The molecular formula of butane is C₄H₁₀.
  • The molecular formula of propane is C₃H₈.
• CNG​
  • The chemical formula of CNG – CH4 – is also the chemical formula for Natural Gas and is also the chemical formula for Methane.
  • CNG is odourless, tasteless and non-toxic.
  • Is made up of 93.05% methane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, propane and traces of ethane.
  • The primary source of obtaining CNG is from oil wells, bed methane wells, coal wells and even natural gas wells.
  • Green Fuel is Commonly referred to as green fuel because of its lead and sulphur-free character.
  • CNG reduces harmful emissions.
  • The properties of CNG make it a safe fuel.