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Evolution Test - 1

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Evolution Test - 1
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    4 / -1

    Which one of the following experiments suggests that simplest living organisms could not have originated spontaneously from non-living matter?

    Solution

    Meat was not spoiled when heated and kept in sealed vessel suggests that simples living organisms could not have originated spontaneously from non-living matter.

  • Question 2
    4 / -1

    According to one of the most widely accepted theories, earth's atmosphere before origin of life was

    Solution

    The atmosphere of earth before origin of life was strongly reducing (without free oxygen). At high temperature, free atoms combined to form molecules and simple inorganic compounds. Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen could not exist in free state and thus combined variously either among themselves or like CH4, NH3, H2 and H2O vapour.

  • Question 3
    4 / -1

    From the point of view of early chemical evolution that preceded the origin of life on earth, the most important simple organic molecules formed were

    Solution

    The early inorganic molecules interacted and produced simple organic molecules such as simple sugars (e.g., ribose, deoxyribose, glucose, etc.), nitrogenous bases (e.g., purines, pyrmidines), amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids, etc.
    CH4+CO2+H2O→ Sugars + Glycerol + Fatty acids
    CH4+HCN+NH3+H2O→ Purines + pyrimidines
    CH4+NH3+CO2+H2O→ Amino acids

  • Question 4
    4 / -1

    Who proposed that the first form of life could have come from pre-existing nonliving organic molecules?

    Solution

    According to Oparin-Haldane theory, life originated through bio-chemical processes of atoms that combined to form molecules. Molecules in turn reacted to produce inorganic and organic compounds. Organic compounds interacted to produce all types of macromolecules which organised to form the first form of life or cells.

  • Question 5
    4 / -1

    The prebiotic atmosphere of the earth was of a reducing nature. It was transformed into an oxidising atmosphere of present day due to the emergence of

    Solution

    The prebiotic atmosphere of the earth was of a reducing nature, i.e., no free oxygen was available. It was transformed into an oxidising atmosphere due to the emergence of cyanobacteria. They used water to get hydrogen and released oxygen into the atmosphere.

  • Question 6
    4 / -1

    In the experiment in given diagram which of the following groups of gases were used to simulate primitive atmosphere?

    Solution

    Stanley Miller in 1953 took an air tight apparatus and circulated four gases - CH4, NH3, H2 and water vapour through it. He passed electrical discharges from electrodes at 800C. Then he passed the mixture through a condenser He performed this experiment continuously in this way for a week and analysed the composition of the liquid inside the apparatus. He found a large number of simple organic compounds including some amino acids such as alanine, glycine and aspartic acid. Miller, thus, proved that organic compounds were basis of life.

  • Question 7
    4 / -1

    First life form on earth was a

    Solution

    It is presumed that the first living organisms were chemoheterotrophs that obtained energy by the fermentation of complex organic substances available to them from the sea broth. They were anaerobes.

  • Question 8
    4 / -1

    According to Oparin, which one of the following was not present in the primitive atmosphere of the earth?

    Solution

    According to Oparin, the atmosphere of primitive earth was reducing because H atoms were most numerous and most reactive. Large quantities of H2,N2 water vapour, CO2,CH4 and NH3 were present but free oxygen was not present in significant amount.

  • Question 9
    4 / -1

    Which one of the following is incorrect about the characteristics of protobionts (coacervates and microspheres) as envisaged in the abiogenic origin of life?

    Solution

    Coacervates and microspheres reproduced by asexual methods such as budding, and fission.

  • Question 10
    4 / -1

    One of the possible early sources of energy was/were

    Solution

    The energy requiring synthetic processes, that occurred on primitive earth obtained energy from the sun, violent electric discharges like lightning, heat produced from volcanic eruptions and ionizing radiations like X-rays, etc.

  • Question 11
    4 / -1

    The following are some major events in the early history of life
    P. First heterotrophic prokaryotes
    Q. First genes
    R. First eukaryotes
    S. First autotrophic prokaryotes
    T. First animals
    Which option below places these events in the correct order?

    Solution

    Organisms have evolved from simpler forms to complex form. Hence the order of the events are genes first, then autotrophic prokaryotes, then heterotrophic prokaryotes, then eukaryotes and then animals.

  • Question 12
    4 / -1

    The first life originated

    Solution

    Since many simpler and lower animals are aquatic and marine, and as the cells and body fluids of all animals contain salts, it is inferred that life originated in ocean (water).

  • Question 13
    4 / -1

    Abiogenesis theory of origin supports

    Solution

    Abiogenesis theory of origin states that life originated from non-living things in a spontaneous manner. This theory was supported by early Greek philosophers. In ancient Egypt, it was believed that the mud of the Nile river could give rise to frogs, snakes, mice and even crocodiles when warmed by the sun. Van Helmont believed that human sweat and wheat grains could given rise to organisms.
    So, the correct answer is 'Spontaneous generation'.

  • Question 14
    4 / -1

    Coacervates are

    Solution

    Oparin observed that if a mixture of a large protein and a polysaccharide is shaken, coacervates form. The interiors, which are primarily protein and polysaccharides, with some water, become separated from the surrounding aqueous solution.

  • Question 15
    4 / -1

    Early atmosphere contained methane and other hydrocarbons. They have been now replaced by

    Solution

    The primitive atmosphere of earth was reducing atmosphere that lack molecular oxygen but was rich in water vapour, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and hydrogen. Absence of oxygen and various high energy sources (UV rays, high temperature and lightening) allowed chemical reaction hydrogen and carbon to produce methane and other hydrocarbons. In absence of oxygen and presence of high temperature methane was present in unspoiled gaseous form and facilitated further chemical reactions to produce more complex protein structures. With origin of photoautotrophs, the organisms that use light as source of energy and carbon dioxide as chief carbon source, earth’s atmosphere II was replaced with atmosphere III. These photoautotrophs use water as electron donor during photophosphorylation that results in production of oxygen thereby adding oxygen to otherwise primitive reducing atmosphere. Photoautotrophs were the source of oxygen. Presence of molecular oxygen oxidized the reduced methane and other hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide.

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