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Reproduction in Organisms Test - 2

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Reproduction in Organisms Test - 2
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0

    Which of the following statements is/are not true pertaining to anisogamy or heterogamous sexual process in plants?
    A. The gametes are different in size or form.
    B. Male gamete is small and motile and the female gamete is large and less motile.
    C. Anisogamy occurs in lower plants, such as green algae Ulothrix.
    D. Anisogamy is responsible for sexual dimorphism.

    Solution

    Male gamete is small-flagellated and the female gamete is usually big and less motile. But not always are the gametes flagellated and motile. Anisogamy can also occur in non-motile gametes. For example, in the red alga Polysiphonia, non-motile eggs are fertilised by non-motile sperm. This statement is incorrect.
    The sexual reproduction in Ulothrix is isogamous, not heterogamous, that means the fusing gametes are similar morphologically. Hence, this statement is not true.

  • Question 2
    1 / -0

    In which of the following organisms, is sequential hermaphroditism seen?

    Solution

    Some animals like the coral reef fish, called wrasse, show sequential hermaphroditism. The group consists of single male and several females. If the male dies, the largest female changes sex and becomes a new functional male. Hence, wrasses show sequential hermaphroditism in which an individual reverses its sex during its lifetime.

  • Question 3
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    Which one of the following is a characteristic feature of dioecious organisms?

    Solution

    Zygosity is the degree of similarity of the alleles for a trait in an organism. If alleles of a diploid organism are different, the organism is heterozygous at the locus. Alleles represent variations. The coming together of two unique sets of chromosomes in the zygote forms the genetic basis of variations with the species. Exchange of gametes between two individuals increases heterozygosity and genetic variability. Hence, increased heterozygosity is a characteristic feature of dioecious organisms.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0

    The term oestrus refers to an animal in season, ovulating or in heat. Which of the following animals do not ovulate spontaneously or do not have an oestrus cycle?

    Solution

    In most domestic mammals, ovulation takes place at regular intervals when the female is in heat or oestrus. The female rabbit, however, does not have an oestrus cycle. Ovulation occurs only after mating.

  • Question 5
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    Which of the following terms indicates the type of reproduction in bony fish guppy, Lebistes reticulatus?

    Solution

    This method is similar to viviparity, but the embroys have no placental connection with the mother and receive their nourishment from a yolk sac.
    The fertilised eggs are retained in the female, but the embryo obtains its nourishment from the egg's yolk. The young are fully developed when they are hatched.
    This occur in some bony fishes such as guppy, garter snake, etc,.

  • Question 6
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    Which of the following techniques of plant propagation involves the use of ring-barking?

    Solution

    In air-layering, a ring of bark is removed (girdled) and a slit is made at the base of an aerial branch. The girdled portion is then covered with grafting clay or moist moss and wrapped with a polythene sheet. The girdled portion of a branch develops roots which are then cut and planted in the soil.

  • Question 7
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    In the method of plant tissue culture, the culturing of explant cells results in the formation of

    Solution

    In tissue-culture, the culturing of cells or tissues results in the formation of an undifferentiated or unorganised, actively dividing mass of cells, which is known as callus. The callus generally consists of all parenchymatous cells. Callus later differentiates to produce large number of plantlets.

  • Question 8
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    Choose the correct statement from amongst the following in reference to the life-cycle of aphids and daphnids.

    Solution

    The life-cycle of aphids and daphnids shows cyclic parthenogenesis where the sexual generation may come after many parthenogenetic generations. The insects show variation under favourable conditions and environmental stress. The females produce many parthenogenetic generations from unfertilised eggs under favourable conditions alternating with bi-parental generation from fertilised eggs under environmental stress.

  • Question 9
    1 / -0

    The Caucasian rock lizard, Lacerta saxicola armaniaca, reproduces by __________.

    Solution

    The Caucasian rock lizard, Lacerta saxicola armaniaca shows complete parthenogenesis. It has no males, and the females develop by parthenegenesis. This rock lizard depends exclusively on parthenegenesis for self-reproduction, and arose from inter-specific hybridisation of bisexual species by way of cloning. They are true parthenogenetic species.

  • Question 10
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    Which of the following parts of flowering plant 'Dalbergia sissoo' takes part in vegetative propagation naturally?

    Solution

    Adventitious buds develop on the ordinary roots of Dalbergia sissoo, which grow to form new plants.

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