Biomolecules Test 5

The complementary base pairs of guanine with cytosine and adenine with thymine connect to one another using hydrogen bonds. In addition to holding the DNA strands together, the hydrogen bonding between the complementary bases also sequester the bases in the interior of the double helix. Since, the option of Guanine and Cytosine is not provided. Hence, the correct option is Option C. 

Cellulose is made up of Glucose like starch . Cellulose is composed of a long chain of at least 500 glucose molecules. Cellulose is these a polysaccharide chains are arranged in parallel arrays to form cellulose microfibrills.

When nucleotides are incorporated into DNA, adjacent nucleotides are linked by a phosphodiester bond: a covalent bond is formed between the 5' phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 3'-OH group of another (see below). In this manner, each strand of DNA has a “backbone” of phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate.

In a DNA molecule, the two strands are not parallel, but intertwined with each other. Each strand looks like a helix. The two strands form a "double helix" structure, which was first discovered by James D. Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. In this structure, also known as the B form, the helix makes a turn every 3.4 nm, and the distance between two neighbouring base pairs is 0.34 nm. Hence, there are about 10 pairs per turn. The intertwined strands make two grooves of different widths, referred to as the major groove and the minor groove, which may facilitate binding with specific proteins.
So, the correct answer is '3.4 nm'

The antiparallel strands of a DNA molecule that one strand turns anti-clockwise, the phosphate group of two DNA strands, at their ends, share the same position, the phosphate groups at the start of two DNA strands are in the opposite position and one strand turns clockwise.

Uracil is energetically less expensive to produce than thymine, which may account for its use in RNA. In DNA, however, uracil is readily produced by chemical degradation of cytosine, so having thymine as the normal base makes detection and repair of such incipient mutations more efficient.

According to Chargaff’s rule, the amount of adenine is always equal to that of thymine and the amount of guanine is always equal to that of cytosine.

A = T(120), G = C(120)

The total number of nucleotides would be 120 × 4 = 480.

Cellulose is an organic compound, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of beta linked with D- glucose units.
The cellulose content of cotton fiber is 90%.

Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan (also called murein), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by unusual peptides containing D-amino acids. Bacterial cell walls are different from the cell walls of plants and fungi which are made of cellulose and chitin, respectively.

Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes.  Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth. The cellulose content of cotton fiber is 90%, that of wood is 40–50%, and that of dried hemp is approximately 57%.

The correct option is Option B.

DNA is a polymer. The monomer units of DNA are nucleotides, and the polymer is known as a "polynucleotide." Each nucleotide consists of a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a nitrogen containing base attached to the sugar, and a phosphate group.

RNA is a linear polymer of nucleotides linked by a ribose-phosphate backbone. Polymerization of nucleotides occurs in a condensation reaction in which phosphodiester bonds are formed. Such ordering can provide conditions that promote the nonenzymatic polymerization of RNA strands under prebiotic conditions.

ATP was first discovered by the German chemist Karl Lohmann. Its structure is established some years later. In 1948 Alexander Todd (UK) synthesises ATP chemically. Vladimir Engelhart (Russia) notes in 1935 that muscle contractions require ATP.