Morphology of Flowering Plants Test - 12

Roots developing from plant parts other than radicle are adventitious roots because adventitious means coming from outside. That means they develop in places other than their natural position. They may arise from stems, leaves etc. Example: oak trees
So, the correct option is 'Adventitious'.

Radish is an example of fusiform tap root. The edible part of radish is a modified tap root. In a plant with a taproot system, the taproot is the central and dominant root. Typically, a taproot is straight and very thick. It is tapering in shape and grows directly downward. There are different types of modified tap roots like fusiform, napiform, conical, tuberous roots. Fusiform root is swollen at the middle and tapers gradually at both the ends forming a spindle shaped structure.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

The edible part of turnip is a modified tap root. Tap roots are modified into various structures called as modified tap root. These modified structures does food storage. The type of modified tap roots are fusiform, napiform, conical, tuberous, pneumatophores. The edible part of turnip is fusiform tap root, where the primary root of the system is swollen at the middle and tapers gradually at both the ends forming a spindle shaped structure. 

Eichhornia crassipes, commonly known as common water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to the Amazon basin, and is often a highly problematic invasive species outside its native range.

Parallel venation means the veins present in the leaves are arranged parallel to each other . Monocot plant show parallel venation . Monocot plant such as grasses, palm trees, lillies, orchids, bananas are the examples of plant which shows parallel venation.

Umbel is a type of of Racemose inflorescence in which the main axis is reduced and is shortened. All the flowers appear to arise from a single point.

Cauliflower is one of several vegetables in the species Brassica oleracea in the genus Brassica, which is in the family Brassicaceae.The cauliflower head is composed of a white inflorescence meristem. Cauliflower heads resemble those in broccoli, which differs in having flower buds as the edible portion.

• The function of the stem is to bear leaves and branches.
• It also helps in the conduction of water and minerals and also helps in the conduction of food storage.
• The chief functions of the stem are to support the leaves; to conduct water and minerals to the leaves, where they can be changed into usable products by photosynthesis; and to deliver these products from the leaves to other parts of the plant, containing the roots.

Leaves are appendages present in green plants.
They contain a pigment called chlorophyll which is necessary for photosynthesis. This photosynthetic reaction takes place in the leaves and results in the production of carbohydrates (food).
The lower surface of leaves has many small openings known as stomata. These pores help the  plant in the exchange of gasses with their surroundings.
Therefore it can be inferred that both the manufacture of food and exchange of gasses takes place through leaves.

A special case of plasticity is represented by heterophylly, the ability of semi-aquatic plants to produce different types of leaves below and above water. Submerged leaves are thin and lack both a cuticle and stomata, whereas aerial leaves are thicker, cutinized and bear stomata.

A cyathium (plural: cyathia) is one of the specialised pseudanthia ("false flowers") forming the inflorescence of plants in the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae). A cyathium consists of: Five (rarely four) bracteoles. These are small, united bracts, which form a cup-like involucre.

 In the first option, catkin is a type of inflorescence but hypanthodium is depicting a part of a flower.
In the second option, raceme and cyathium both are types of inflorescence but are different.
In the fourth option, verticillaster is a mixed type of inflorescence and spike is separate type than it.
But correctly related are corymb and umbel, in these both are closely related type of inflorescence like both are a type of racemose inflorescence.
 

As the fruits dry, stresses develop within the awns, causing them to separate abruptly and flinging the seeds some distance away from the parent plant (explosive dispersal). Finally, we used the model to explore two fundamental tradeoffs in the Erodium-type dispersal mechanism.

The stamen is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium.

Related to stamens whose filaments are united into a single tubelike group. The stamens of flowers of leguminous plants are often monadelphous.

A typical flower with superior ovary and other floral parts inferior is hypogynous. A superior ovary is an ovary attached to the receptacle above the attachment of other floral parts. A superior ovary is found in types of fleshy fruits such as true berries, drupes, etc. A flower with this arrangement is described as hypogynous. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Angiosperms have much smaller female reproductive parts, allowing them to produce seeds more quickly. Angiosperms have carpels that enclose developing seeds that may turn into a fruit. A great advantage for angiosperms is the production of endosperm.