Body Fluids and Circulation Test 6

The arteries are superficial at some points in the body. In these places, the heart beat is felt as pulses like the radial, brachial pulse.

pH is a measure of the amount of hydrogen ion present in a solution. Thus, a high level of H+ is a low pH (or an acid environment) while a low level of H+ is a high pH (or an alkali or basic environment).

Veins have a slightly lower pH than arteries. This is because the blood circulates through working tissues in our bodies, and drops off oxygen, and picks up carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide in water forms a weak acid. In arteries, they carry oxygenated blood, and less carbon dioxide, so the pH is more.

In veins, there is less oxygen and more carbon dioxide which is acidic so the blood in veins has less pH.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mm Hg. If you're an adult and your systolic pressure is 120 to 129, and your diastolic pressure is less than 80, you have elevated blood pressure. High blood pressure is a systolic pressure of 130 or higher,or a diastolic pressure of 80 or higher, that stays high over time.

All the openings in right atrium are guarded by valves to prevent back flow of blood. In man, the right auricle receive blood from a precaval (superior vena cava) and a postcaval (inferior vena cava). The opening of postcaval into atrium is guarded by the Eustachian valves. 

So, the correct answer is option D.

Deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body returns to the right atrium (RA) via the superior vena cava. On the other hand, deoxygenated blood from the lower portion of the body returns to the RA via the inferior vena cava.

When the RA is full, it contracts which builds up the pressure and opens the tricuspid valve. Blood transfers from the RA into the right ventricle (RV). When the RV is filled, the walls of the ventricle begin to contract and the pressure within the RV rises. The increased pressure closes the tricuspid valve and blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery through the pulmonic valve.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Lungs purify the CO2 and convert it into O2 The blood coming to the lungs contain deoxygenated blood because it is collected from the body tissues and is rich in CO2. After leaving the lungs..the blood is oxygenated.

The most important artery running up the side of your neck is called the common carotid artery. It splits into two branches. One of the branches is called the external carotid artery, which supplies your neck and face with oxygenated blood. The other branch of the common carotid artery, which supplies the brain with oxygenated blood, is the internal carotid artery. The internal carotid artery, again, is a branch of the common carotid artery that supplies the brain with oxygenated blood. Each side of your body, more specifically, each side of your neck and head, has one internal carotid artery supplying blood to the brain.

The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body and is positioned in the superior abdomen. The spleen plays important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood, which can be valuable in case of hemorrhagic shock, blood loss and also recycles iron. It purifies the blood and helps the immune system to recognize and attack foreign antibodies and disease. The spleen is composed of the red and white pulp. The white pulp produces and grows immune cell as well as blood cells. On the other hand, the red pulp is responsible for purifying the blood and removing dead or old blood cells. The spleen has important hematopoietic functions, until the fifth month of gestation. After birth, erythropoietic functions cease, except in some hematologic disorders. As a major lymphoid organ, the spleen retains the ability to produce lymphocytes and, as such, remains an hematopoietic organ.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Sa node represents the pacemaker of our heart which is specialised in generating impluses and initiation of heart beat. it maintains the rhythmic contractile activity of heart. so it can only determine rate of heart beat and not contraction of heart muscles. contraction of heart muscles depends on how intense the impulse is which mainly decided by the conducting fibres.

As veins has to carry deoxygenated blood from lower body to upwards up till our heart hence it have valves to avoid back flow of blood.

Systolic blood pressure is the blood pressure during ventricular contraction,diastolic is during ventricular relaxationwhile ventricular contraction,blood is forcefully pumped into the respective arteries,hence systolic blood pressure is more.

Renal portal system found in all living invertebrates except mammals.

Christiaan Neethling Barnard was a South African cardiac surgeon who performed the world's first successful human-to-human heart transplant on 3 December 1967 and known as father of heart transplantation.

The nicacardia is a tablet used to treat high BP patient hypocardia means downward displacement of heart the tachycardia is increased heartbeat and bradicardia is decreased heartbeat rate.

The first heart sound has slightly greater intensity than the second heart sound. The first heart sound is produced by the closing of the mitral and tricuspid valve leaflets. The second heart sound is produced by the closing of the aortic and pulmonic valve leaflets. The first heart sound, or S₁, forms the "lub" of "lub-dub" and is composed of components M₁ (mitral valve closure) and T₁ (tricuspid valve closure). It is caused by the closure of the atrioventricular valves, i.e. tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid), at the beginning of ventricular contraction, or systole.

The majority of the arterial supply to the diaphragm is delivered via the inferior phrenic arteries, which arise directly from the abdominal aorta. 

Spleen is the organ which is responsible for purifying blood as well as storing. It is known as blood bank because it's blood are valuable in case of homorrhage socks. so the correct ans. is C.

A renal portal system is a second route by which blood pools from a capillary bed into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the renal portal system. The renal portal system is found only in fishes, amphibians (frog), reptiles and birds. Mammals ( rabbit, mouse and horse) have no renal portal system. So, the correct answer is option D.

Purkinje fibres conduct impulse from the AV node to the ventricles. They are situated on the lateral ventricular walls. It allows the heart's conduction system to create synchronized contractions of its ventricles, and are, therefore, essential for maintaining a consistent heart rhythm.

Renal vein contains the least amount of urea. The renal artery enters the kidney as afferent arteriole. It carries the urea loaded blood into the glomerulus of the kidney.

Systemic circulation is the flow of blood from left ventricle of heart to all body parts and return of blood from all body parts to the right auricle. The pathway of systemic circulation can be summarised as:
Pulmonary vein brings oxygenated blood from lungs to the left auricle.
From the left auricle blood passes to left ventricle through bicuspid valve.
From the left ventricle, blood is pumped into aorta.
Aorta divides into many arteries and supply blood to body tissues.
The oxygen in blood is utilised by tissues and deoxygenated blood is collected by veins.
The vena cava brings this deoxygenated blood into the right atrium from where it passes to right ventricle through tricuspid valve.
From the right ventricle, deoxygenated blood is carried to lungs by the pulmonary artery where it is gets oxygenated and returns to left auricle through pulmonary vein.
Hence, in this way, the cycle starts again.

Myogenic contraction refers to a contraction initiated by the myocyte cell itself.

In vertebrates, normal activities of the heart are regulated intrinsically, i.e., auto regulated by specialised muscles (nodal tissue). Hence, the heart is called as myogenic. 

Heart is neurogenic in arthropods.

In animals, rate of heart beat is connected with the size of animal. In mammals, smaller animals have higher heart beat. For example, 200 beats per minute in rabbit, 500 beats per minute in sparrow, 28 beats per minute in elephant. In frog, rate of heart beat is 64 per minute. In mammals, maximum heart beat is observed in shrew (800 per minute) and minimum in blue whale (25 per minute).
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

All vertebrates possess a muscular chambered heart. Fishes have a 2-chambered heart with an atrium and a ventricle. 

Amphibians and the reptiles (except crocodiles) have a 3-chambered heart with two atria and a single ventricle, whereas crocodiles, birds and mammals possess a 4-chambered heart with two atria and two ventricles. 

In fishes, the heart pumps out deoxygenated blood, which is oxygenated by the gills and supplied to the body parts from where deoxygenated blood is returned to the heart (single circulation).

Phylum Arthropoda and Mollusca include open circulatory system . Fish is member of phylum Chordata which contain close circulatory system.
Cockroach and scorpion are members of class inscecta phylum Arthropoda.

Angina pectoris is the medical term for chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease. It occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get as much blood as it needs. This usually happens because one or more of the heart's arteries is narrowed or blocked, also called ischemia.

Sinus venosus and conus arteriosus are not found in rabbit but they are present in the frog. In the rabbit, sinus venosus is formed in the embryo but later it becomes a part of the wall of the right auricle. So the impure (deoxygenated) blood collected by the precavals and postcavals directly comes into the right auricle. The pure blood brought by the pulmonary veins from the lungs directly come into left auricle.

Angiology is the medical term which studies the diseases of the circulatory system and the lymphatic system, i.e. arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels and its diseases.

William Harvey is the father of Angiology. Angiology is the study of blood vascular system is (or) circulatory system.

The vasa vasorum is a network of small blood vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels, such as elastic arteries (aorta) and large veins (venae cavae). The name derives from Latin, meaning 'the vessels of the vessels'.