Biology Test 138

The cell wall also acts as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell by osmosis. The material in the cell wall varies. In plants and algae, the cell wall is made of long molecules of cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Normal human cells in culture, divide once in approximately every 24 hours but yeast can progress through the cell cycle in only about 90 minutes.

The interphase lasts more than 95% of the duration of the cell cycle. The M Phase or Mitosis starts with the nuclear division or karyokinesis [separation of daughter chromosomes]. It usually ends with the division of the cytoplasm.

Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life. During interphase, the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis.
Hence, the correct option is (C).

Intussusception is a serious condition in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine. This "telescoping" often blocks food or fluid from passing through.

During the enlargement phase of growth new particles of cellulose are deposited between particles of the old wall, which is known as intussusception.
Hence, the correct option is (C).

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is classified as a serine protease (enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins). It is thus one of the essential components of the dissolution of blood clots. Its primary function includes catalyzing the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, the primary enzyme involved in dissolving blood clots.
Hence, the correct option is (A).

Glisson's capsule is the capsule of the liver. It is a layer of connective tissue surrounding the liver and ensheathing the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile ducts within the liver. Named for the British physician, anatomist, physiologist, and pathologist Francis Glisson.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

The amphibian egg, however, contains much more yolk. This yolk, which is concentrated in the vegetal hemisphere, is an impediment to cleavage. Thus, the first division begins at the animal pole and slowly extends down into the vegetal region.
Hence, the correct option is (A).

The peripheral region of the secondary xylem, is lighter in color and known as the sapwood and involved in the conduction of water and minerals.

The secondary xylem of the wood produced is different in different seasons due to the differential activity of the cambial. The wood formed in this season is called autumn wood or latewood. The springwood is lighter in color and has a lower density. Autumn wood is darker in color and has a higher density.
Hence, the correct option is (A).

DNA is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. The deoxyribonucleotides are made up of phosphoric acid and deoxyribonucleosides. The deoxyribonucleosides are made up of deoxyribose sugars and nitrogenous bases. The nitrogenous bases present in DNA are purine (adenine or guanine) and pyrimidine (cytosine or thymine). Uracil is absent from DNA. Uracil is present as a pyrimidine base in ribonucleotides which are components of RNA.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

In general, bulk flow in plant biology typically refers to the movement of water from the soil up through the plant to the leaf tissue through the xylem, but can also be applied to the transport of larger solutes through the phloem.

Bulk flow in the plant can be achieved by both positive hydrostatic pressure gradient and negative hydrostatic pressure gradient.
Hence, the correct option is (B).

Red biotechnology is the use of biotechnology in the medical and pharmaceutical industries, and health preservation. This branch involves the production of vaccines and antibiotics, regenerative therapies, creation of artificial organs and new diagnostics of diseases.
Hence, the correct option is (C).