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Biology Test 270

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Biology Test 270
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  • Question 1
    4 / -1

    Serum differs from blood in

    Solution

    Serum is the fluid that separates from blood plasma on centrifugation. Serum is essentially similar in composition to plasma but lacks fibrinogen and other substances that are used in the coagulation process.

     

  • Question 2
    4 / -1

    Uricotelic mode of excreting nitrogenous wastes is found in

    Solution

    Reptiles, birds, land snails and insects excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid in the form of pellet or paste with a minimum loss of water and are called uricotelic animals.

     

  • Question 3
    4 / -1

    The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised

    Solution

    The principle nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is urea. Urea is produced in a series of reactions (urea cycle) which take place in the mitochondrial matrix and cytosol of liver cells. Urea cycle (ornithine cycle) is the series of biochemical reactions that converts ammonia, which is highly toxic and carbon dioxide to the much less toxic urea during the excretion of metabolic nitrogen derived from the deamination of excess amino acids. The urea is ultimately excreted in solution in urine.

     

  • Question 4
    4 / -1

    Sliding filament theory can be best explained as

    Solution

    During muscle contraction, the laterally projecting heads (cross bridges) of the thick myosin myofilaments come in contact with the thin actin myofilaments and rotate on them. This pulls the thin myofilaments toward the middle of the sarcomere, past the thick myofilaments. The Z lines come closer together and the sarcomere becomes shorter. Length of the A band remains constant. Myofilaments (both actin and myosin) stay the same length. Free ends of actin myofilaments move closer to the centre of the sarcomere, bringing Z lines closer together. I bands shorten and H zone narrows. A similar action in all the sarcomeres results in shortening of the entire myofibril and thereby of the whole fibre and the whole muscle.

  • Question 5
    4 / -1

    Stimulation of a muscle fibre by a motor neuron occurs at

    Solution

    A neuron that transmits a stimulus to muscle tissue is called motor neuron. A motor unit consists of a single motor neuron (nerve cell) and the muscle fibres innervates it. The portion of the muscle plasma membrane (sarcolemma) that lies beneath the nerve endings (axon terminals) is called the motor end plate. The axon terminals and the motor end plate together constitute the neuro-muscular junction or neuromotor junction.

     

  • Question 6
    4 / -1

    Sympathetic nervous system induces

    Solution

    Sympathetic nervous system is a component of autonomic nervous system consisting of a pair of sympathetic trunks, preganglionic sympathetic fibres, postganglionic sympathetic fibres and collateral ganglia. It quickens rate and force of heart beat while it inhibits secretion of saliva and gastric juice.

     

  • Question 7
    4 / -1

    The vagus nerve is the cranial nerve numbering

    Solution

    Vagus nerve is the tenth cranial nerve. It arises from the side of medulla oblongata. It innervates the larynx, trachea, oesophagus, stomach, lungs, heart and intestines. It is a mixed nerve. It controls the visceral sensations and visceral movements, i.e., heart beat, respiratory movements, peristalsis, sound production, etc.

     

  • Question 8
    4 / -1

    Select the correct statement.

    Solution

    Glucocorticoids also stimulates gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis; and inhibit cellular uptake and utilisation of amino acids. Glucagon is associated with hyperglycemia while insulin is associated with hypoglycemia.

     

  • Question 9
    4 / -1

    Match the following hormones with their respective disease.

  • Question 10
    4 / -1

    Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

    Solution

    Sargassum is a brown alga. In brown algae, asexual reproduction occurs by means of spores and sexual reproduction varies from isogamy, anisogamy to oogamy.

     

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