NEET Test 178

Development of an organism from female gamete/egg without involving fertilization is Parthenogenesis.

Parthenogenesis is the spontaneous development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell. It naturally occurs in a variety of plant and animal species.

The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments which are responsible for trapping light energy essential for photosynthesis. In the chromoplasts fat-soluble carotenoid pigments like carotene, xanthophylls, and others are present. This gives the part of the plant a yellow, orange, or red colour. The leucoplasts are the colourless plastids of varied shapes and sizes with stored nutrients: Amyloplasts store carbohydrates (starch), e.g., potato, elaioplasts store oils and fats whereas the aleuroplasts store proteins.

The presence or absence of coelom is an important basis of classifications in animals. Coelom refers to a large fluid-filled space lying between two outer body wall and an inner digestive tube.

Schizocoelom arises from a mesodermal split. This body cavity is formed from blocks of mesoderm around the gut that enlarge and hollow out. Example- animals belonging to the Phyla Annelida, Mollusca, and Arthropoda. Enterocoelom arises from out pocketing of the embryonic gut (endoderm). This type of body cavity is formed by out pocketing of the primitive gut that breaks off and forms the coelom. Example-animals belonging to the Phyla Echinodermata and Chordata.

Trichomes are characteristic of Epidermis.

Trichomes may be unicellular or multicellular. Morphologically, root hairs are typical hairs. They are highly variable in shape varying from small protuberances of epidermal cells to very complex, multicellular, branched or stellate structures.

 is more stable due to more hyperconjugation In organic chemistry, hyperconjugation is the interaction of the electrons in a sigma orbital with an adjacent empty non-bonding or antibonding σ or π orbital to give an extended molecular orbital. Increased electron delocalization associated with hyperconjugation increases the stability of the system is called hyperconjugation.

Guttation or exudation of xylem sap, is the loss of water in liquid state. It occurs through hydathodes. The force responsible for this process is root pressure. Guttation is easily observed in conditions of high humidity, when soil is well watered. In such conditions transpiration loss of water is less and extra water absorbed by roots oozes out through hydathodes in liquid state.

Rugae is a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ. The gastric rugae (or gastric folds) in the stomach increase the surface area for more nutrient absorption. When food enters the stomach, these rugae become stretched.

We know,

Osmotic pressure, π = iCRT 

Where,

i = Van't hoff index

C = Concentration Increases, π Increases

V = Volume decreases, π Increases 

n = No. of moles Increases 

T = Temperature Increases 

R = Gas constant

As soon as the solute molecules increases the osmotic pressure of the solution increases.