Thermodynamics Test - 9

Here, ether is functional group and whenever there is change around same functional group they are metamers to each other.
These are chain as well as metamers but priority is given to metamerism even if we have to choose between metamer and position then, again metamer is to be opted first.

Pentane (C₅H₁₂) is an organic compound with five carbon atoms. Pentane has three structural isomers that are n-pentane, Iso-pentane (methyl butane) and neopentane (dimethylpropane).

The smallest alkene showing geometrical isomerism is but−2−ene (4−C atoms)
The smallest alkene showing position isomerism is butene (4−C atoms), where the position of double bonds may vary.
Hence, answer is 4,4

Position 1,4,5,8 are equal.
Similarly 2,3,6,7 are equal.
Position 9 and 10 are equal.
So we will get three possible isomers

CH₃​−CH(OH)−CH_2​−CH₃​ can have position isomer.
CH_3​−CHO can have functional isomers (enol).
Cl−CH_2​CH_2​−Cl can have position isomer.
But CH_2​=CH−Cl has one isomer but it is not preferred IUPAC name.

Since only this is a double bond with different groups attached so only it will show cis-trans isomerism

In the anti conformation the atoms are far apart ergo causing minimum repulsion whereas the opposite is true for eclipsed conformation. Gauche is in an in between stage.

The following 4 structures are possible

Applying the previously stated results we get A as the answer
 

A homologous series is a series of compounds in which each member differs from the next/previous by CH₂ or 14 mass units. Physical properties change in a homologous series but chemical properties remain almost the same because the functional group does not change.

Diastereomers are isomers which are not mirror images of each other, while enantiomers are those which are mirror images of each other. A geometric isomer without any chiral centre is a mirror image of itself. Also, 2 geometric isomers, which are not mirror images of each other will be diastereomers.
Hence, geometrical isomers can be diastereomers or enantiomers.
 

Phenol is C₆​H_5​(OH) while benzyl alcohol is C₆​H₅​(CH₂​OH). 
Here there is a difference of −HC₂​ between their molecular formula.
According to the definition of homologous series, the adjacent members of the series differ by −CH_2​ group.
Thus, Phenol and benzyl alcohol are homologous of each other.

C₃H₆ and C₄H₈ belongs to same homologous series as they both belongs to alkene series whose formula is CnH₂n, here n = no. of carbon atoms.

Because when you see the question there is 1-methylcyclohexene this means the first numbering goes to methyl group and 'ene' group that is double bond and then it goes to 4 chloro that means from up to down including double bond we have to take chlorine on 4th position and it is (s) that means it is above the surface.

Asymmetric carbon is the carbon which has all the four attached groups different.And these carbons are also called chiral carbons.
Hence option A has asymmetric or chiral carbon.
Hence option A is correct.

This compound is chiral because its molecule has two chiral carbon atoms (C−3 and C-4).
ether molecules are chiral due to the presence of a plane of symmetry.

Correct Answer :- d

Explanation : 3 chiral centres

Number of Stereoisomers = 2ⁿ

= 2³

= 8

As you can see, the third carbon atom from the left has three different groups attached to it namely 1. hydroxyl groups attached to namely 1. hydroxyl,
2. ethyl
3. n-butyl,
4. hydrogen
Hence the mentioned carbon atom is a chiral centre. Now any molecule having one chiral centre is a chiral molecule, i.e. 2 forms namely (R) and (S) forms of the molecule exist.
Please note that if the molecule has more than one chiral centre, We cannot directly conclude that the molecule will be chiral.
 

1-phenyl-2-butene shows geometrical isomerism in the form of cis and trans isomers.
However, the geometrical isomerism is not possible for 3-phenyl-1-butene, 2-phenyl-1-butene and 1,1-diphenyl-1-propane.

The above pairs are known as identical pair. An isomer of a molecule has the number of atoms of each element but has a  different arrangement of the atoms.It has  the same molecular  formula as the other molecule , with a different chemical structure.

Stereoisomers. Generally defined, stereoisomers are isomers that have the same composition (that is, the same parts) but that differ in the orientation of those parts in space.

Correct Answer :- d

Explanation : Given molecular formula is C₅H₁₀.

⇒ There are 6 isomeric alkenes by including Cis/trans isomers of pent−2−ene.

⇒ 7 Cycloalkanes also possible.

Totally it have 13 isomers.

4^th priority group always lie in vertical
Clockwise: R
Anticlockwise: S
At 2^nd carbon 1 → 2 → 3 configuration is r but 4 groups are horizontal so conf. change from R to s
At 3^rd carbon a → b → c conf. is r but d group is horizontal so conf. change from R to S
Hence,
2s,3s)-c-chloro-3 hydropentane

The first compound is in cis phase and the other one is trans phase. they differ in their structure.

The compounds C₂​H₅​OC₂​H₅​ and CH₃​OCH₂​CH₂​CH₃​ are metamers.
They differ in the nature of the alkyl groups.
 

We know that if a compound is symmetrical then then it is not chiral. hence chair conformation and boat conformations. Both are achiral whereas twist boat is chiral.