Electron Test - 5

In a cathode ray discharge tube, electric discharge occurs in partially evacuated tubes. Electrons make up the cathode rays. Cathode rays have a negative charge, and they are deflected by a magnetic field. A high voltage is required for a cathode ray discharge tube.

J. J. Thomson, a British physicist, conducted tests and detected electron deflections in an electric or magnetic field. Finally, he estimated the charge-to-mass ratio of electrons as e/me = 1.758820 1011C kg-1. Charge and mass are measured in coulombs and kilogrammes, respectively.

Low and high pressures are appropriate settings for cathode ray discharge tubes. Evacuated tubes can be used to change the pressure. Current begins to flow through the tube after a high voltage is placed across the electrodes.

To determine the mass of oil droplets, R. A. Millikan conducted an oil drop experiment. He determined that charge only exists in integral multiples of e, i.e. q = ne; n = 1, 2, 3, etc., after observing how charge is transported in the experiment.

Based on his tests with cathode ray discharge tubes, he determined that every substance in the cosmos is made up of electrons. He studied the movement of cathode rays as well as their charge-to-mass ratio.

The anode has been covered with zinc sulfide, a phosphorescent substance. When cathode rays collide with the anode, electrons collide with the Zinc sulfide screen, resulting in a brilliant spot.

Rutherford discovered protons in 1911 through tests and also determined that positive charge is concentrated at the center of the atom and that it contains the majority of the atomic mass. In the year 1920, the name proton was given for the first time.

An electron has a mass of 0.00054 u. A proton has a mass of 1.00727 u. A neutron has a mass of 1.00867 u. Then 1.00867/0.00054 = 1838 is the mass of a neutron divided by the mass of an electron. As a result, the mass of a neutron is 1838 times that of an electron.

An atom contains the positively charged protons and an equal number of negatively charged electrons. So, it is neutral. However, it is true that neutrons in the nucleus of an atom are neutral.

Thomson proposed an atom model in which electrons are implanted to form a stable electrostatic arrangement in which positive charge is spread evenly around a sphere. The assumption is that mass is distributed evenly. As a result, it goes by several names such as plum pudding, watermelon pudding, and raisin pudding model.