Thermal Properties of Matter Test

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Thermal Properties of Matter Test - 11

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Question 1
1 / -0

Attempt All sub parts from each question.
Triple Point: The temperature of a substance remains constant during its change of state (phase change). A graph between the temperature T and the Pressure P of the substance is called a phase diagram or P-T diagram. The following figure shows the phase diagram of water and CO₂. Such a phase diagram divides the P-T plane into a solid-region, the vapour-region and the liquid-region. The regions are separated by the curves such as sublimation curve (BO), fusion curve (AO) and vaporisation curve (CO). The points on sublimation curve represent states in which solid and vapour phases coexist. The point on the sublimation curve BO represent states in which the solid and vapour phases coexist. Points on the fusion curve AO represent states in which solid and liquid phase coexist. Points on the vaporisation curve CO represent states in which the liquid and vapour phases coexist. The temperature and pressure at which the fusion curve, the vaporisation curve and the sublimation curve meet and all the three phases of a substance coexist is called the triple point of the substance.
Q. Sublimation curve represents the coexistence of

A
A. Solid and liquid state

B
B. Solid and vapour state

C
C. Liquid and vapour state

D
D. Liquid, solid and vapour state

Solution

The points on sublimation curve represent states in which solid and vapour phases coexist. The point on the sublimation curve BO represent states in which the solid and vapour phases coexist.
Question 2
1 / -0

Attempt All sub parts from each question.
Triple Point: The temperature of a substance remains constant during its change of state (phase change). A graph between the temperature T and the Pressure P of the substance is called a phase diagram or P-T diagram. The following figure shows the phase diagram of water and CO₂. Such a phase diagram divides the P-T plane into a solid-region, the vapour-region and the liquid-region. The regions are separated by the curves such as sublimation curve (BO), fusion curve (AO) and vaporisation curve (CO). The points on sublimation curve represent states in which solid and vapour phases coexist. The point on the sublimation curve BO represent states in which the solid and vapour phases coexist. Points on the fusion curve AO represent states in which solid and liquid phase coexist. Points on the vaporisation curve CO represent states in which the liquid and vapour phases coexist. The temperature and pressure at which the fusion curve, the vaporisation curve and the sublimation curve meet and all the three phases of a substance coexist is called the triple point of the substance.
Q. During phase change of a substance

A
A. The temperature remains constant

B
B. The temperature changes very slowly

C
C. The temperature changes very fast

D
D. Both temperature and pressure change very slowly

Solution

The temperature of a substance remains constant during its change of state (phase change).
Question 3
1 / -0

Attempt All sub parts from each question.
Triple Point: The temperature of a substance remains constant during its change of state (phase change). A graph between the temperature T and the Pressure P of the substance is called a phase diagram or P-T diagram. The following figure shows the phase diagram of water and CO₂. Such a phase diagram divides the P-T plane into a solid-region, the vapour-region and the liquid-region. The regions are separated by the curves such as sublimation curve (BO), fusion curve (AO) and vaporisation curve (CO). The points on sublimation curve represent states in which solid and vapour phases coexist. The point on the sublimation curve BO represent states in which the solid and vapour phases coexist. Points on the fusion curve AO represent states in which solid and liquid phase coexist. Points on the vaporisation curve CO represent states in which the liquid and vapour phases coexist. The temperature and pressure at which the fusion curve, the vaporisation curve and the sublimation curve meet and all the three phases of a substance coexist is called the triple point of the substance.
Q. Triple point of CO₂ is

A
A. – 78.5°C at pressure of 1 atm.

B
B. −56.4°C at pressure of 5.11 atm.

C
C. −56.4K at pressure of 5.11 atm.

D
D. – 78.5K at pressure of 1 atm.

Solution

From the graph, the triple point of CO₂ is −56.4°C and a pressure of 5.11 atm.
Question 4
1 / -0

Attempt All sub parts from each question.
Triple Point: The temperature of a substance remains constant during its change of state (phase change). A graph between the temperature T and the Pressure P of the substance is called a phase diagram or P-T diagram. The following figure shows the phase diagram of water and CO₂. Such a phase diagram divides the P-T plane into a solid-region, the vapour-region and the liquid-region. The regions are separated by the curves such as sublimation curve (BO), fusion curve (AO) and vaporisation curve (CO). The points on sublimation curve represent states in which solid and vapour phases coexist. The point on the sublimation curve BO represent states in which the solid and vapour phases coexist. Points on the fusion curve AO represent states in which solid and liquid phase coexist. Points on the vaporisation curve CO represent states in which the liquid and vapour phases coexist. The temperature and pressure at which the fusion curve, the vaporisation curve and the sublimation curve meet and all the three phases of a substance coexist is called the triple point of the substance.
Q. The triple point of water is:

A
A. 0.01°C at 0.006 atmosphere

B
B. 0.01K at 0.006 atmosphere

C
C. – 0.01K at 0.006 atmosphere

D
D. – 0.01°C at 0.006 atmosphere

Solution

From the graph, the triple point of water is 0.01°C at 0.006 atmosphere pressure
Question 5
1 / -0

Attempt All sub parts from each question.
Triple Point: The temperature of a substance remains constant during its change of state (phase change). A graph between the temperature T and the Pressure P of the substance is called a phase diagram or P-T diagram. The following figure shows the phase diagram of water and CO₂. Such a phase diagram divides the P-T plane into a solid-region, the vapour-region and the liquid-region. The regions are separated by the curves such as sublimation curve (BO), fusion curve (AO) and vaporisation curve (CO). The points on sublimation curve represent states in which solid and vapour phases coexist. The point on the sublimation curve BO represent states in which the solid and vapour phases coexist. Points on the fusion curve AO represent states in which solid and liquid phase coexist. Points on the vaporisation curve CO represent states in which the liquid and vapour phases coexist. The temperature and pressure at which the fusion curve, the vaporisation curve and the sublimation curve meet and all the three phases of a substance coexist is called the triple point of the substance.
Q. The temperature and pressure at which all the three phases of a substance coexist is called

A
A. Boiling point

B
B. Freezing point

C
C. Triple point

D
D. Melting point

Solution

The temperature and pressure at which the fusion curve, the vaporisation curve and the sublimation curve meet and all the three phases of a substance coexist is called the triple point of the substance.
Question 6
1 / -0

Attempt All sub parts from each question.
Railway track expansion joint: Expansion and contraction of steel and concrete structure due to seasonal heating and cooling is a common problem found in civil engineering. To combat this problem, engineers put expansion joints to absorb these changes.
This problem is compounded on railway tracks. This could lead to rail buckling, known in the industry as “sun kink”, as shown below, and cause the derailment of train. When exposed to temperature variations, the rail tends to vary its length. If this tendency is freely allowed, for a temperature
variance Δt, the rail length L will vary by ΔL. This length variance can be computed as:
ΔL = αLΔt
where α = expansion coefficient of steel
= 11.5 x 10^–6 °C.
The coefficient of thermal expansion is defined as the fractional increase in length per unit rise in temperature. Traditional railway tracks are of standard lengths. When the tracks are laid, the lengths are joined end to end using “fishplates”—short lengths of steel plate overlapping the joint, and bolted to the ends of the rails. At each joint there must be a short gap (≈ 1/8") between the rail ends, to allow for longitudinal thermal expansion of the rails on hot days.
Q. “Sun kink” is the

A
A. Buckling of railway tracks due to seasonal heating and cooling

B
B. Fracture of railway tracks due to seasonal heating and cooling

C
C. Buckling of railway track arising from the high pressure of loaded wagons

D
D. None of the above

Solution

Expansion and contraction of steel and concrete structure due to seasonal heating and cooling is a common problem found in civil engineering. This problem is predominant on railway tracks. This could lead to rail buckling, known in the industry as “sun kink”, and cause the derailment of train.
Question 7
1 / -0

Attempt All sub parts from each question.
Railway track expansion joint: Expansion and contraction of steel and concrete structure due to seasonal heating and cooling is a common problem found in civil engineering. To combat this problem, engineers put expansion joints to absorb these changes.
This problem is compounded on railway tracks. This could lead to rail buckling, known in the industry as “sun kink”, as shown below, and cause the derailment of train. When exposed to temperature variations, the rail tends to vary its length. If this tendency is freely allowed, for a temperature
variance Δt, the rail length L will vary by ΔL. This length variance can be computed as:
ΔL = αLΔt
where α = expansion coefficient of steel
= 11.5 x 10^–6 °C.
The coefficient of thermal expansion is defined as the fractional increase in length per unit rise in temperature. Traditional railway tracks are of standard lengths. When the tracks are laid, the lengths are joined end to end using “fishplates”—short lengths of steel plate overlapping the joint, and bolted to the ends of the rails. At each joint there must be a short gap (≈ 1/8") between the rail ends, to allow for longitudinal thermal expansion of the rails on hot days.
Q. What will be the expansion of a 20m long railway steel track for 30°C variation of temperature?

A
A. 6.9 m

B
B. 6.9 cm

C
C. 6.9 mm

D
D. 0.69 m

Solution

ΔL = αLΔt
α = 11.5 × 10^–6 °C.
L = 20m
Δt = 30°C
Putting the values in the expression:
ΔL = 11.5 × 10^–6 × 20 × 30
= 6.9 mm
Question 8
1 / -0

Attempt All sub parts from each question.
Railway track expansion joint: Expansion and contraction of steel and concrete structure due to seasonal heating and cooling is a common problem found in civil engineering. To combat this problem, engineers put expansion joints to absorb these changes.
This problem is compounded on railway tracks. This could lead to rail buckling, known in the industry as “sun kink”, as shown below, and cause the derailment of train. When exposed to temperature variations, the rail tends to vary its length. If this tendency is freely allowed, for a temperature
variance Δt, the rail length L will vary by ΔL. This length variance can be computed as:
ΔL = αLΔt
where α = expansion coefficient of steel
= 11.5 x 10^–6 °C.
The coefficient of thermal expansion is defined as the fractional increase in length per unit rise in temperature. Traditional railway tracks are of standard lengths. When the tracks are laid, the lengths are joined end to end using “fishplates”—short lengths of steel plate overlapping the joint, and bolted to the ends of the rails. At each joint there must be a short gap (≈ 1/8") between the rail ends, to allow for longitudinal thermal expansion of the rails on hot days.
Q. Which of the following statement is true?

A
A. Expansion joint maintain 1/8” gap whatever be the temperature change

B
B. Expansion joint increases when temperature decreases and decreases when temperature increases.

C
C. Expansion joint decreases when temperature decreases and increases when temperature increases.

D
D. Expansion joints expands with the rise of temperature

Solution

Normally 1/8’ gap is left when two railway track ends are joined with fishplate. When temperature rises, the rail tracks expand and this gap accommodates the expansion of the steel track. So, the gap contracts. When temperature decreases, the rail tracks contract and this gap increases.
Question 9
1 / -0

Attempt All sub parts from each question.
Railway track expansion joint: Expansion and contraction of steel and concrete structure due to seasonal heating and cooling is a common problem found in civil engineering. To combat this problem, engineers put expansion joints to absorb these changes.
This problem is compounded on railway tracks. This could lead to rail buckling, known in the industry as “sun kink”, as shown below, and cause the derailment of train. When exposed to temperature variations, the rail tends to vary its length. If this tendency is freely allowed, for a temperature
variance Δt, the rail length L will vary by ΔL. This length variance can be computed as:
ΔL = αLΔt
where α = expansion coefficient of steel
= 11.5 x 10^–6 °C.
The coefficient of thermal expansion is defined as the fractional increase in length per unit rise in temperature. Traditional railway tracks are of standard lengths. When the tracks are laid, the lengths are joined end to end using “fishplates”—short lengths of steel plate overlapping the joint, and bolted to the ends of the rails. At each joint there must be a short gap (≈ 1/8") between the rail ends, to allow for longitudinal thermal expansion of the rails on hot days.
Q. At each railway track joint a short gap of ............... (approximately) is left.

A
A. 1/8 mm

B
B. 1/8 cm

C
C. 1/8 m

D
D. 1/8 inch

Solution

At each joint of railway track there must be a short gap (≈ 1/8") between the rail ends, to allow for longitudinal thermal expansion of the rails on hot days.
Question 10
1 / -0

Attempt All sub parts from each question.
Railway track expansion joint: Expansion and contraction of steel and concrete structure due to seasonal heating and cooling is a common problem found in civil engineering. To combat this problem, engineers put expansion joints to absorb these changes.
This problem is compounded on railway tracks. This could lead to rail buckling, known in the industry as “sun kink”, as shown below, and cause the derailment of train. When exposed to temperature variations, the rail tends to vary its length. If this tendency is freely allowed, for a temperature
variance Δt, the rail length L will vary by ΔL. This length variance can be computed as:
ΔL = αLΔt
where α = expansion coefficient of steel
= 11.5 x 10^–6 °C.
The coefficient of thermal expansion is defined as the fractional increase in length per unit rise in temperature. Traditional railway tracks are of standard lengths. When the tracks are laid, the lengths are joined end to end using “fishplates”—short lengths of steel plate overlapping the joint, and bolted to the ends of the rails. At each joint there must be a short gap (≈ 1/8") between the rail ends, to allow for longitudinal thermal expansion of the rails on hot days.
Q. What is the value of thermal expansion coefficient of steel?

A
A. 1.15 × 10^–6°C.

B
B. 0.115 × 10^–6 °C

C
C. 11.5 × 10^–6 °C.

D
D. 11.5 × 10⁶ °C

Solution

Expansion coefficient of steel = 11.5 × 10^–6 °C.