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Mix Test - 11

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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The in-foldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called
    Solution
    Cristae are the folded structures that are formed by the in-foldings of inner mitochondrial membrane.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which alga is known for the biological activity called bioluminescence?
    Solution
    Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism. Noctiluca is a colourless dinoflagellate which is an important constituent of coastal plankton of both temperate and tropical seas. Nutrition is holozoic. This alga is known for a biological activity called bioluminescence. It was the first dinoflagellate where bioluminescence was reported. Bioluminescence is a property by which organism emits light from its body surface by the luciferin-luciferase reaction.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which enzyme in duodenum activates pancreatic enzyme trypsinogen?
    Solution
    Trypsinogen is activated by an enzyme called enterokinase or enteropeptidase, which is produced by cells lining the duodenum. Once activated, the trypsin can activate more trypsinogen into trypsin. Trypsin cleaves the peptide bond on the carboxyl side of basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following groups of mammals is considered to be toothless?
    Solution
    Echidna, armadillos and platypus are considered to be toothless mammals. Like all mammals, they possess hair, milk, sweat glands, three middle ear bones and a brain region known as the neocortex, but they lack teeth.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    An ovule which becomes curved, so that the nucellus and embryo sac lie at right angles to the funicle, is known as
    Solution
    In hemianatropous type, the ovule becomes curved and nucellus and embryo sac lies at right angles to the funicle, e.g. ranunculaceae, while in campylotropous, the micropyle is directed towards chalaza. Chalaza lies at right angle to funicle, e. g. Leguminosae.

  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Match the following:

    List I
    (Cell Types in the Body of Sycon)    		 List II
    (Characteristics/Location of Cell Types of Sycon)
    I. Pinacocytes 1. Cells having whip-like flagellum
    II. Choanocytes 2. Cells covering the outer surface of the body
    III. Scleroblasts 3. Large amoeboid cells with distinct nucleoli in nuclei
    IV. Archaeocytes 4. Cells developing spicules
    5. Cells constituting connecting tissues
    Solution
    The correct matching is: I - 2, II - 1, III - 4, IV - 3.
    Pinacocytes are flat cells found on the outermost layer (Pinacoderm) of a sponge (phylum Porifera). They line the incurrent canals and spongocoel. They help in maintaining the size and structure of the sponge through slight expansions and contractions.
    Choanocytes are distinctive cells that line the interior body walls of sponges. These cells have a central flagellum that is surrounded by a collar of microvilli.
    Scleroblasts are the cells that secrete the material for formation of the spicules.
    Archaeocytes or amoebocytes are amoeboid cells found in sponges. Their cytoplasm contains large quantities of ribonucleic acid (RNA), and their large nuclei contain small bodies known as nucleoli.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Ribulose-1, 5 biphosphate carboxylase is the initial enzyme of
    Solution
    The enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, most commonly known as RuBisCO is used in the Calvin cycle to catalyze the first major step of carbon fixation.
    RuBisCO catalyses the combining of carbon dioxide with a five-carbon molecule called RuBP (or Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate).
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    What is the name given for an association of two species where one benefits and the other remains unaffected or unharmed?
    Solution
    Commensalism is an association of two species where one benefits and the other remains unaffected or unharmed.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is/are not associated with the human male reproductive system?
    Solution
    The Bartholin's glands (also called Bartholin glands or greater vestibular glands) are two pea sized compound racemose glands located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Parkinson's disease is caused by degeneration of brain neurons that are involved in movement control by making use of the neurotransmitter
    Solution
    Parkinson's disease is caused by a loss of nerve cells in the part of the brain called substantia nigra. Nerve cells in this part of the brain are responsible for producing a chemical called dopamine.
  • Question 11
    1 / -0
    The receptor pigment for light in the eyes of all land vertebrates is
    Solution
    The receptor pigment for light in the eyes of all land vertebrates is rhodopsin. Rhodopsin is extremely sensitive to light, and thus enables vision in low-light conditions. When rhodopsin is exposed to light, it immediately photobleaches.
  • Question 12
    1 / -0
    Which of the following enzymes is most commonly used in ELISA for the detection of antibodies formed against an antigen?
    Solution
    The most commonly used enzyme in ELISA is alkaline phosphatase or horseradish peroxidase. The key step in ELISA is the immobilisation of the antigen of interest. This can be accomplished by direct adsorption to the assay plate, or indirectly via a capture antibody that has been attached to the plate. The antigen is then detected either directly (enzyme-labeled primary antibody) or indirectly (enzyme-labeled secondary antibody). The detection antibodies are usually labeled with alkaline phosphatase (AP) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP).

  • Question 13
    1 / -0
    During cell division, one of the cell organelles, instead of being equally divided between the two daughter cells at cytokinesis, becomes dispersed into small vesicles at prophase to reassociate at telophase. The organelle is
    Solution
    In early mitosis, the Golgi cisternae unstack and vesiculate, leading to the disassembly of the Golgi apparatus. During telophase and cytokinesis, the Golgi membranes reassemble in each daughter cell into a larger ribbon next to the centrosome and a smaller ribbon adjacent to the cleavage furrow.
  • Question 14
    1 / -0
    Match the following:

    Column I Column II
    A. Influenza i. Arbovirus (RNA virus)
    B. Common cold ii. Rubella virus (RNA virus)
    C. German measles iii. Myxovirus A, B and C (RNA virus)
    D. Yellow fever iv. Rhinovirus (RNA virus)
    Solution
    A - iii, B - iv, C - ii, D - i
    Influenza is caused by myxovirus A, B and C (RNA virus). The helically symmetric nucleocapsid consists of a nucleoprotein and a multipartite genome of single-stranded antisense RNA in seven or eight segments. The envelope carries a hemagglutinin attachment protein and a neuraminidase.
    Common cold is caused by rhinovirus (RNA virus). The RNA genome serves as an mRNA, which encodes both structural (capsid) proteins and non-structural proteins that are involved in viral genome replication and virion assembly.
    German measles is caused by rubella virus (RNA virus). It is a togavirus of the genus rubivirus, is an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus with a single serotype that does not cross-react with other togaviruses.
    Yellow fever is caused by arbovirus (RNA virus). As arboviruses are virtually all RNA viruses lacking proofreading functions, a high frequency of mutations associated with fast replication allows them to rapidly adapt to different environments. The high rate of genetic mutations could lead to changes in virulence, epidemiology or competence of vectors, which can occur via simple point mutations.
  • Question 15
    1 / -0
    The chief role of nucleolus in a nucleus is
    Solution
    The nucleolus makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA, also known as rRNA. It then sends the subunits out to the rest of the cell where they combine into complete ribosomes. Ribosomes make proteins; therefore, the nucleolus plays a vital role in making proteins in the cell.
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