Why Do We Fall Ill Test - 1

Parkinson's disease occurs when nerve cells, or neurons, in an area of the brain that controls movement become impaired and/or die. Normally, these neurons produce an important brain chemical known as dopamine; but when the neurons die or become impaired, they produce less dopamine.

Urobilin or urochrome is the chemical primarily responsible for the yellow colour of urine.

AIDS is caused by a virus called HIV. Leprosy is caused by a slow-growing type of bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. Elephantiasis is a syndrome caused by infection with a nematode parasite called the filarial worm. Malaria is caused by a protozoan Plasmodium.

Most alcoholic liver damage is attributed to alcohol metabolism. Liver injury may be caused by direct toxicity of metabolic by-products of alcohol as well as by inflammation induced by its by-products.

Inflammation is a localised physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin, also known as Phylloquinone is required for the following:

1. Normal function of blood clotting factors and thus for blood clotting
2. Normal bone strength

Japanese encephalitis is a type of viral brain infection that is spread through mosquito bites.

Glossitis is an inflammation of the tongue. It is caused by the deficiency of riboflavin.

Folate-deficiency anaemia is a decrease in red blood cells (anaemia) due to a lack of folate. Folate is a type of B vitamin. It is also called folic acid.

Retinol, also known as vitamin A, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. This or other forms of vitamin A are needed for eye sight, maintenance of the skin, and human development. Its deficiency causes night blindness. Vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy, which leads to bleeding gums.

Triple vaccine is a class of combination vaccines that are used to treat three diseases: pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus and diptheria.

Antigens are foreign particles that enter our body and illicit an immune response. Antigens are presented on the cell surface, whereas antibodies are present in the plasma.