Structure of Atom Test

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Structure of Atom Test - 1

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Question 1
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The atom of which of the given elements does not have any neutron in the nucleus?

A
Helium

B
Neon

C
Hydrogen

D
Oxygen

Solution

The atomic number as well as the mass number of Hydrogen is one.
There is only one proton in the nucleus which accounts for the mass of the hydrogen atom.
It does not have any neutron.
Question 2
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Which among the following is the smallest in size?

A
N³⁻

B
O²⁻

C
F⁻

D
Na⁺

Solution

All the given ions are isoelectronic with the same number of electrons (10 electrons) and also have the same electronic configuration. Na⁺ has the smallest ionic radius because of greater nuclear charge (10 electrons are pulled by 11 protons).
Question 3
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Identify the incorrect statement about an atom.

A
Electrons are negatively charged particles.

B
The mass of the neutron is equal to that of a proton.

C
The net charge of the nucleus is zero as the charge of a neutron is equal in magnitude but opposite in nature to that of a proton.

D
The number of electrons and protons in an atom is equal.

Solution

The nucleus contains protons, which are positively charged and neutrons, which are neutral particles.

Hence, the net charge of the nucleus is positive.
Question 4
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Which observation of Rutherford's alpha-scattering experiment pointed to the the fact that the radius of the atomic nucleus is very small in comparison to that of the atom?

A
Most of the alpha particles passed through the atom.

B
Some of the alpha particles were deflected through small angles.

C
Some of the alpha particles were deflected through large angles.

D
One in 12,000 alpha-particles retraced its path.

Solution

Since very few alpha particles retraced their path, it implied that the nucleus in which all the positive charge and almost the entire mass of the atom is concentrated occupies a very small space within the atom. Only those alpha particles which travelled very close to the nucleus retraced their path.
Question 5
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Which of the following statements about the K-atom and K⁺ ion is incorrect?

A
K-atom being neutral is more stable.

B
K⁺ has a higher effective nuclear charge.

C
K⁺ has a smaller radius.

D
K-atom is monovalent.

Solution

K (Z = 19); electronic configuration: 2, 8, 8, 1
K⁺ has electronic configuration: 2, 8, 8, which is also the configuration of argon.
K⁺ is more stable due to its stable octet configuration.
Question 6
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Which of the following will have the same chemical properties?

A
Isobars

B
Isotopes

C
Both isotopes and isobars

D
None of the above

Solution

Isotopes are atoms of the same element, having the same number of protons and electrons.

The electronic configuration as well as the valency is the same for isotopes and hence they have same physical and chemical properties.
Question 7
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Canal Ray experiment led to the discovery of

A
protons

B
neutrons

C
electrons

D
nucleus

Solution

Canal rays or anode rays, discovered by E. Goldstein, consist of positively charged particles. They led to the discovery of sub-atomic particles called protons.
Question 8
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Which of the following statements is not a postulate of Bohr's model for a hydrogen atom?

A
Energy of the orbits around the nucleus is quantized.

B
The electron in the orbit nearest to the nucleus has the lowest energy.

C
Electrons revolve in different orbits around the nucleus.

D
The position and velocity of electrons in the orbits cannot be determined simultaneously.

Solution

The uncertainty principle was given by Heisenberg, which pointed out that the position and velocity of the electrons in the orbits cannot be determined simultaneously.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Structure of Atom Test - 1

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Structure of Atom Test - 1

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Question 1

Helium

Neon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Solution

Question 2

N3−

O2−

F−

Na+

Solution

Question 3

Electrons are negatively charged particles.

The mass of the neutron is equal to that of a proton.

The net charge of the nucleus is zero as the charge of a neutron is equal in magnitude but opposite in nature to that of a proton.

The number of electrons and protons in an atom is equal.

Solution

Question 4

Most of the alpha particles passed through the atom.

Some of the alpha particles were deflected through small angles.

Some of the alpha particles were deflected through large angles.

One in 12,000 alpha-particles retraced its path.

Solution

Question 5

K-atom being neutral is more stable.

K+ has a higher effective nuclear charge.

K+ has a smaller radius.

K-atom is monovalent.

Solution

Question 6

Isobars

Isotopes

Both isotopes and isobars

None of the above

Solution

Question 7

protons

neutrons

electrons

nucleus

Solution

Question 8

Energy of the orbits around the nucleus is quantized.

The electron in the orbit nearest to the nucleus has the lowest energy.

Electrons revolve in different orbits around the nucleus.

The position and velocity of electrons in the orbits cannot be determined simultaneously.

Solution

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N³⁻

O²⁻

F⁻

Na⁺

K⁺ has a higher effective nuclear charge.

K⁺ has a smaller radius.