Matter in Our Surroundings Test

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Matter in Our Surroundings Test - 3

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

The Kinetic Molecular Theory gives postulates that define matter and help to understand its properties. From the options provided below, select the one that is not a characteristic of matter.

A
Matter in any state is composed of small particles, which may be molecules, atoms, or ions.

B
Particles are arranged in such a way that there are no spaces between the particles.

C
Particles are in continuous random motion.

D
Molecules of a given substance attract each other.

Solution

Particles of matter have space between them, though the space is maximum between the particles of a gas and minimum between the particles of a solid substance.
Question 2
1 / -0

What is the reason that sugar crystals when added to water dissolve on stirring, but the same does not happen in case of a stone?

A
Stone particles have stronger forces of attraction between themselves than sugar particles.

B
Sugar particles have less space between themselves than stone particles.

C
Stone particles are bigger in size than sugar particles.

D
Stone particles possess more kinetic energy than sugar particles.

Solution

The constituent particles of stone have strong associations and do not dissolve in water.
Question 3
1 / -0

Which of the following has the highest kinetic energy?

A
Solid

B
Liquid

C
Gas

D
Plasma

Solution

Plasma comprises highly energised, ionised gas particles and the kinetic energy of this state of matter is the highest.
Question 4
1 / -0

Under which of the following conditions will the particles present in a crystal of copper sulphate take the least time for intermixing with the particles of water?

A
When water is hot

B
When water is cold

C
When water is taken at room temperature

D
When distilled water is used

Solution

The particles of copper sulphate mix with the water molecules due to the property of diffusion of the particles.
The rate of diffusion increases with increase in temperature, as the particles gain kinetic energy. Hence, the intermixing will be the fastest in hot water.
Question 5
1 / -0

What does the melting point of a solid indicate?

A
Randomness of its particles

B
Strength of forces of attraction between particles

C
Kinetic energy of particles

D
Intermolecular space between particles

Solution

Melting point of a solid is an indication of strength of the forces of attraction between its particles.
Stronger the intermolecular forces, higher the melting point.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following particles will have the highest energy?

I. Particles in water at 0°C
II. Particles in water at 273 K
III. Particles in ice at 0°C
IV. Particles in ice at 273 K

A
I and II

B
II and III

C
III and IV

D
I and IV

Solution

0^oC and 273 K represent the same temperature on different scales.
This temperature is the melting point of ice as well as the freezing point of water when both the solid and liquid state of water coexist in equilibrium.

However, even at the same temperature, the energy of the particles in the liquid state of matter is more than in the solid state.
Hence, option (1) is correct.
Question 7
1 / -0

Early Indian and Greek philosophers classified matter

A
on the basis of their physical properties

B
on the basis of their chemical properties

C
as 'Panch Tatva'

D
as 'Parmanu'

Solution

Everything in this universe is made up of matter. The air we breathe, the food we eat, stones, clouds, stars, plants and animals, even a small drop of water or a particle of sand, everything is matter. Ancient Indian philosophers classified matter in the form of five basic elements - The Panch Tatva, i.e. air, earth, fire, sky and water. Ancient Greek philosophers also gave similar classification of matter. Modern day scientists evolved the types of matter based on their physical and chemical properties. On the basis of physical properties, matter is classified as solids, liquids and gases and on the basis of chemical properties, matter is classified into elements or compounds.
Moreover, long back in around 500 BC, an Indian philosopher Maharishi Kanad postulated that if we go on dividing matter, we shall get smaller and smaller particles called Parmanu.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is true about evaporation?

A
It increases with increase in temperature.

B
It occurs at a fixed temperature.

C
It depends on the latent heat of fusion.

D
It decreases with increase in temperature.

Solution

Evaporation is the phenomenon of change of liquid into vapour at any temperature below its boiling point.
The rate of evaporation is directly proportional to the surrounding temperature.
Hence, option (1) is correct.
Question 9
1 / -0

Ice floats on water because

A
solid state of any substance is less dense than its liquid state

B
solid state of any substance is more dense than liquid state

C
on solidification, the water molecules form H-bonds

D
on solidification, the substance acquires a definite volume

Solution

A special force of attraction that exists between the water molecules is called hydrogen bond because of which it, on cooling, form a honeycomb-like structure. The air trapped in air spaces makes ice less dense than water. Thus, it floats on water.
Question 10
1 / -0

Why does an inflated balloon burst with a sound when it is pricked with a needle?

A
Because of force exerted by the needle

B
Because of force exerted by gas present in the balloon

C
Because of decreasing kinetic energy of gas

D
Because of high temperature inside the balloon

Solution

On pricking, the balloon bursts and the gas within expands.
Gases produce a sound on expansion as the expansion work done by the gases is converted into sound energy.
Hence, the option (2) is most suitable.
Question 11
1 / -0

What is the value of latent heat of fusion for ice?

A
30 calories per gram

B
100 calories per gram

C
80 calories per gram

D
50 calories per gram

Solution

The latent heat of fusion of ice is 80 calories per gram.
(Or, 80 x 4.2 = 336 joules per gram)
Question 12
1 / -0

A liquid kept in an open vessel undergoes evaporation. The particles of liquid absorb energy from surroundings to regain the energy lost during evaporation. This absorption of energy from the surroundings results in

(i) an increase in the temperature of the surroundings
(ii) a decrease in the temperature of the surroundings
(iii) no change in the temperature of the surroundings
(iv) an increase/a decrease in the temperature of the surroundings depending upon the nature of the liquid

Which of the above points is/are is correct?

A
Only (i) is correct.

B
Only (i) and (ii) are correct.

C
Only (ii) is correct.

D
All are correct.

Solution

During evaporation, the latent heat of vaporisation is absorbed from the surroundings, which leads to the cooling of the surroundings.
Question 13
1 / -0

In which of the following cases is the rate of cooking very slow?

A
In a pressure cooker at sea level

B
In a pressure cooker at higher altitudes

C
In an open vessel at sea level

D
In an open vessel at higher altitudes

Solution

The rate of cooking depends on the boiling point of water at the given atmospheric pressure which is maintained as the steady temperature during the process of cooking.
The pressure at higher altitudes is low and hence, the boiling point of water is low and the rate of cooking is also slow.
Moreover cooking in a pressure cooker is faster as additional pressure increase the boiling point of water.
Hence, option (4) is the correct answer.
Question 14
1 / -0

The following question consists of an Assertion (A) and a Reason (R). Read both statements carefully and mark the appropriate option.

(A) Assertion: Ice in a perfectly insulated thermos flask will melt when brought from hills to the plains.
(R) Reason: The freezing point is lower at sea level than at higher altitudes.

A
Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the right explanation of (A).

B
Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the right explanation of (A).

C
(A) is correct and (R) is incorrect.

D
(A) is incorrect and (R) is correct.

Solution

For most substances, the freezing point rises, though only very slightly, with increased pressure. Water is one of the very rare substances that expands upon freezing. Consequently, its melting temperature falls very slightly if pressure is increased.
On moving from hills to plains, the atmospheric pressure increases and hence, the freezing point of water decreases.
Hence, option (1) is correct.

Note: The effect of the temperature change is ignored here as the thermos flask is assumed to be perfectly insulated.
Question 15
1 / -0

Substances that sublime

A
have low freezing points

B
have weak intermolecular forces of attraction

C
cannot be ionic compounds

D
have low vapour pressures

Solution

The substances that sublime have weak intermolecular forces of attraction and high vapour pressures. They are usually molecular compounds, but NH₄Cl is an example of an ionic compound that sublimes.
Question 16
1 / -0

The working of a syringe is based on

A
Charles' law

B
Graham's law

C
Boyle's law

D
diffusion

Solution

A syringe works on the principle of Boyle's law that, at a constant temperature, the volume occupied by a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure applied.
Question 17
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Which sample at S.T.P. has same number of molecules as 5 L of NO₂(g) has at S.T.P?

A
5 g of H₂(g)

B
5 L of methane (g)

C
5 moles of O₂ (g)

D
5 x 10²³ molecules of CO₂(g)

Solution

According to Avogadro's law, under similar conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases will have equal number of moles and hence, equal number of molecules.
Therefore equal volumes of gases under similar conditions of temperature and pressure implies equal moles and consequently equal number of molecules.
Hence option (2) is correct.
Question 18
1 / -0

At a constant temperature, in a cylinder-piston arrangement, if the pressure is increased by a factor of 3, then what is the percentage decrease in the volume?

A
25%

B
50%

C
33.33%

D
66.66%

Solution

At a constant temperature,
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
Let P₁= P; P₂ = 3P
PV₁ = 3PV₂
V₂ = V₁
Decrease in volume = V₁- V₂ = V₁
_{Percentage decrease =} _{100 = 66.66%}
Question 19
1 / -0

Which of the following substances is known as 'dry ice'?

A
Potassium permanganate

B
Copper sulphate

C
Sulphur dioxide

D
Solid carbon dioxide

Solution

Solid carbon dioxide is known as 'dry ice'. Carbon dioxide is a sublimable substance and on increasing the pressure, it sublimes to the solid state.
Question 20
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The fixed temperature at which the solid and liquid states of a substance exist in equilibrium under 1 atm pressure is called

A
melting point or freezing point

B
boiling point or freezing point

C
boiling point or melting point

D
boiling point or point of condensation

Solution

The melting point and the freezing of a substance represent the same temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid state on heating or liquid to solid on cooling. At this temperature, both the solid and the liquid state will co-exist in equilibrium.

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Matter in Our Surroundings Test - 3

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Matter in Our Surroundings Test - 3

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Question 1

Matter in any state is composed of small particles, which may be molecules, atoms, or ions.

Particles are arranged in such a way that there are no spaces between the particles.

Particles are in continuous random motion.

Molecules of a given substance attract each other.

Solution

Question 2

Stone particles have stronger forces of attraction between themselves than sugar particles.

Sugar particles have less space between themselves than stone particles.

Stone particles are bigger in size than sugar particles.

Stone particles possess more kinetic energy than sugar particles.

Solution

Question 3

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

Solution

Question 4

When water is hot

When water is cold

When water is taken at room temperature

When distilled water is used

Solution

Question 5

Randomness of its particles

Strength of forces of attraction between particles

Kinetic energy of particles

Intermolecular space between particles

Solution

Question 6

I and II

II and III

III and IV

I and IV

Solution

Question 7

on the basis of their physical properties

on the basis of their chemical properties

as 'Panch Tatva'

as 'Parmanu'

Solution

Question 8

It increases with increase in temperature.

It occurs at a fixed temperature.

It depends on the latent heat of fusion.

It decreases with increase in temperature.

Solution

Question 9

solid state of any substance is less dense than its liquid state

solid state of any substance is more dense than liquid state

on solidification, the water molecules form H-bonds

on solidification, the substance acquires a definite volume

Solution

Question 10

Because of force exerted by the needle

Because of force exerted by gas present in the balloon

Because of decreasing kinetic energy of gas

Because of high temperature inside the balloon

Solution

Question 11

30 calories per gram

100 calories per gram

80 calories per gram

50 calories per gram

Solution

Question 12

Only (i) is correct.

Only (i) and (ii) are correct.

Only (ii) is correct.

All are correct.

Solution

5 g of H₂(g)

5 moles of O₂ (g)

5 x 10²³ molecules of CO₂(g)