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Resources and Development Test - 2

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Resources and Development Test - 2
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a biotic resource?
    Solution
    Biotic resources are those resources which are obtained from biosphere. They are also known as the living resources. Biotic resources are considered as renewable resources. Plants are the most important biotic resources. Human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, and live stocks fall under this category. Plants are the most important biotic resources. The foods, sugars, tea, coffee, medicines are obtained from the plants.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. Minerals and fossil fuels are non renewable resources.
    b. The oceanic area upto 22 nautical miles from the coast is called territorial water.
    c. The oceanic resources beyond 100 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilise these.
    Solution
    Minerals, metal ores, groundwater in certain aquifers are all considered non-renewable resources, though individual elements are always conserved (except in nuclear reactions). Fossil fuels are organic in nature and fossilized over many million years. Using these diminishes supply, which takes many millions more years to replenish. Scientists are not able to duplicate these in a laboratory. Therefore, they classify fossil fuels as a non-renewable resources. Territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state. The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilise these.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. The first international Earth Summit took place in Rio de Janeiro in 1990.
    b. More than 100 Heads of States assembled and signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity.
    Solution
    The first Earth Summit, which is also called the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, was held in the year 1992 from 3rd to 14th June in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
    Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, and the Statement of Principles for the Sustainable Management of Forests were adopted by more than 178 governments at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED).
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Match the following columns:

    States
    		Resources
    a. Chhattisgarh 1. Wind and solar energies
    b. Arunachal Pradesh 2. Coal deposits
    c. Rajasthan 3. Water resources
    Solution
    States
    		Resources
    a. Chhattisgarh 2. Coal deposits
    b. Arunachal Pradesh 3. Water resources
    c. Rajasthan 1. Wind and solar energies

    Chhattisgarh has 16% of the total coal deposits of India. It has been estimated that there is around 44,483 million tonnes of coal in 12 coalfields in Chhattisgarh, in Raigarh, Surguja, Koriya and Korba districts. The state ranks 2nd in coal production by contributing over 18% to the total national production.
    Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural development.
    National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE), Government of India, has recently assessed that Rajasthan state has a wind power potential of 1,27,756 MW. It is desirable to have suitable policy interventions for developing new hybrid projects and also for encouraging hybridisation of existing wind and solar power plants.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    India has got the right to mine which of the following from the bed of the Indian Ocean, from that area which lies beyond the exclusive economic zone?
    Solution
    An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a sovereign state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind. India got the rights to mine manganese from International Seabed Authority (ISA) as it guards the Indian Ocean.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. Black soils are generally poor in phosphoric contents.
    b. Black soils develop deep cracks during hot weather.
    c. Black soils develop in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall.
    Solution
    The black soils are made up of extremely fine i.e. clayey material. They are well-known for their capacity to hold moisture. In addition, they are rich in soil nutrients, such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime. These soils are generally poor in phosphoric contents. During hot weather they develop deep cracks which helps in proper aeration. The laterite soil is formed under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall. They are the result of intense leaching due to alternate wet and dry periods. With rain, lime and silica get leached away and soils rich in iron oxide and auminium compound are left behind.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. Sheet erosion is caused by water that washes away the top soil.
    b. Contour ploughing causes soil erosion.
    c. Strip cropping prevents soil erosion.
    Solution
    Sheet erosion is the movement of soil from raindrop splash and runoff water. It typically occurs evenly over a uniform slope and goes unnoticed until most of the productive topsoil has been lost. Contour ploughing is the farming practice of ploughing and/or planting across a slope following its elevation contour lines. These contour lines create a water break which reduces the formation of rills and gullies during times of heavy precipitation, allowing more time for the water to settle into the soil. Strip cropping helps to stop soil erosion by creating natural dams for water, helping to preserve the strength of the soil. Certain layers of plants will absorb minerals and water from the soil more effectively than others.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    When was the concept of 'sustainable development' introduced?
    Solution
    Sustainable development is the organising principle for meeting human development goals while simultaneously sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the economy and society depend. The Brundtland Report, published in 1987 by the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development, coined the term "sustainable development" and defined it as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs".
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. Mountain soils are found in the hilly and mountainous areas where sufficient rain forests are available.
    b. Mountain soils are loamy and silty in valley sides and coarse grained in the upper slopes.
    c. The soils found in the lower valleys are fertile and rich in organic content.
    Solution
    As the name suggests, forest soils are formed in the forest areas where sufficient rainfall is available. The soils vary in structure and texture depending on the mountain environment where they are formed. They are loamy and silty on valley sides and coarse-grained in the upper slopes. In the snow-bound areas of the Himalayas, they are acidic with low humus content. This is because humus is rawer at higher levels. Also, these soils are subjected to denudation due to landslides and snowfall.The soils found in the lower valleys are fertile and rich in organic content.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Match the following columns:

    States
    		Reasons for degradation
    a. Jharkhand 1. Overgrazing
    b. Gujarat 2. Over-irrigation
    c. Haryana 3. Deforestation due to mining
    Solution
    States
    		Reasons for degradation
    a. Jharkhand 3. Deforestation due to mining
    b. Gujarat 1. Overgrazing
    c. Haryana 2. Over-irrigation

    In Jharkhand, large scale deforestation for mining has badly affected the quality of land. Mining is one of the most important reasons for land degradation in this state. In Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa, deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation.

    The grasses or herbs or shrubs, when removed from the soil, also removes the root of these plants, thus loosening the grip of the roots on the soil. The soil loses its nutrition along with its firm grip and thus gets degraded. This is how overgrazing is responsible for land degradation in Gujarat.

    In Haryana, groundwater pumping has become the main means of irrigation and it now accounts for over about 54 percent of the irrigated area in state. Intensive agriculture dominated by paddy-wheat monoculture has led to overexploitation of groundwater in Haryana.
  • Question 11
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. The dust generated by mineral processing retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land.
    b. Land degradation in sand dunes can be checked by growing thorny bushes.
    Solution
    The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generates a huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land. The growing of thorny bushes helps in checking land degradation because they hold the soil tightly or they help in stabilisation of the sand dunes which is an effective check on the land degradation.
  • Question 12
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau.
    b. Red and yellow soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
    Solution
    Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau. These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks. Their colour is mainly due to ferric oxides occurring as thin coatings on the soil particles while the iron oxide occurs as haematite or as hydrous ferric oxide, the color is red and when it occurs in the hydrate form as limonite the soil gets a yellow colour.
  • Question 13
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is/are not alluvial soil(s)?

    a. Khadar
    b. Bangar
    c. Regur
    Solution
    Black soil is also known as regur soil. It is essentially found in the lava covered areas of Maharasthra, Karnataka etc. The word regur originates from the latin word regurgitare which means to overflow. Khadar consists of older alluvial soil which is higher in sandy loam content. In the plains, the younger deposits are known as Khadar. These are not just younger; they are also more fertile than Bhangar soils. These soils are very good for intensive cultivation. These are also called new alluvial made up of fine granules. According to their age alluvial soils can be classified as old alluvial (Bangar) and new alluvial (Khadar). The bangar soil has higher concentration of kanker nodules than the Khadar. It has more fine particles and is more fertile than the bangar.
  • Question 14
    1 / -0
    Match the two columns:

    Type of Resource on the Basis of Ownership Resource
    a. Individual 1. Canals
    b. Community 2. Burial grounds
    c. National 3. Water in wells
    Solution
    Match the two columns:

    Type of Resource on the Basis of Ownership Resource
    a. Individual 3. Water in wells
    b. Community 2. Burial grounds
    c. National 1. Canals

    Individual: Resources owned by individuals are called Individual Resources. For example – land owned by farmers, house, Water in wells etc.
    Community: Resources owned by community or society are called Community Owned Resources. For example – Graveyard, grazing land, ponds, burial grounds, park, etc
    National Resources: Resources owned by Individual Nations are called National Resources. For example – Government land, Roads, canals, railway, etc.
    International Resources: Resources regulate by International bodies are called International Resources. For example – Ocean and sea beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone and is called open sea or ocean. No individual country can utilize these resources without the permission of International bodies.
  • Question 15
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is not a global crisis that has been caused by the indiscriminate exploitation of resources?
    Solution
    Population explosion is not considered as global crisis because it has not occurred due to indiscriminate exploitation of resources. It has put a strain on already shrinking resources. All the other options are the examples of Global crisis.
  • Question 16
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. There is an enormous diversity in the availability of resources in India.
    b. There are many regions in our country that are rich in resources, but these are included in economically backward regions.
    Solution
    India has enormous diversity in availability of resources. This can be explained by the following examples of availability of diverse resources in different regions of India. The Chotanagpur plateau of India is rich in mineral resources and has well developed industrial sector but lacks in agriculture sector. Gangetic plain of India is fertile and contributes greatly in agriculture sector but lacks in Industrial sector. Himalayas are endowed with ample amount of beauty and natural resources but lack in infrastructural development. Rajasthan is endowed with sun and wind resources but lacks in water resources. The states of Orissa and Jharkhand are rich in resources but are economically backward. The states of Punjab and Haryana are poor in resources but are economically developed.
  • Question 17
    1 / -0
    Materials in the environment, which have the potential to satisfy human needs, but human beings do not have the appropriate technology to access them, are included among
    Solution
    Materials in the environment, which have the potential to satisfy human needs but man does not have the appropriate technology to access them are included among stock, e.g. water is a compound of two inflammable gases: hydrogen and oxygen, which can be used as a rich Source of energy.
  • Question 18
    1 / -0
    Which of the following increase(s) the salinity and alkalinity of soil, thereby causing its degradation?
    Solution
    Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water. Irrigation salinity occurs due to increased rates of leakage and groundwater recharge causing the watertable to rise. Rising watertables can bring salts into the plant root zone which affects both plant growth and soil structure. This has happened in Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh.
  • Question 19
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements about land degradation in India is/are correct?

    a. There are about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India.
    b. 56 per cent of degraded land is water eroded area.
    c. 28 per cent land is affected by saline and alkaline deposits.
    Solution
    At present, there are about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India. Approximately, 28 per cent of it belongs to the category of forest degraded area, 56 per cent of it is water eroded area and the rest is affected by saline and alkaline deposits. Some human activities such as deforestation, over grazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed significantly in land degradation.
  • Question 20
    1 / -0
    Resource planning involves identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. Which of the following is/are involved in evolving a planning structure for developing the available resources?
    Solution
    Resource planning is a technique or skill of proper utilisation of resources. As the resources are limited and unevenly distributed over the country their planning is essential.

    Resource planning is a complex process which involves three stages:
    1.To identify the resources across the regions of the country. The methods can be surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
    2.To develop a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.
    3.To coordinate the resource development plans with overall national development plans . It refers to meeting the requirements of larger plans of the nation.
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