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Manufacturing Industries Test - 2

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Manufacturing Industries Test - 2
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is/are agro based industries?

    a. Sugar industry
    b. Textile industry
    c. Petrochemicals
    Solution
    The agro-based industry includes indutries related to textiles, sugar, paper and vegetable oil. These industries use agricultural products as their raw materials. Textile industry is the largest industry in the organized sector. The petrochemical industry is mineral based industry; an industry branch that produces organic intermediate products such as refinery products, natural gas, plastic, rubber, fiber raw materials.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is/are not categorised as heavy industries?

    a. Iron and steel
    b. Chemicals
    c. Electrical
    Solution
    Heavy industry is an industry that involves one or more characteristics such as large and heavy products; large and heavy equipment and facilities (such as heavy equipment, large machine tools, huge buildings and large-scale infrastructure); or complex or numerous processes. Iron and steel industry is called a heavy industry because all the raw material as well as finished goods are heavy and bulky entailing heavy transportation costs. Heavy chemicals, as usually classified, include amongst others the following: Acids, alkalis both caustic and carbonated and salts, e.g. ammonium sulphate, sodium sulphate, sulphides, hydrosulphites, hypo-sulphites, sodium silicate and bichromate; magnesium, zinc and lead compounds, copper sulphate and calcium carbide.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?

    a. India has the second largest installed capacity of spindles in the world.
    b. India's trade in garments is only 4 percent of the world's total.
    c. India's trade in the cotton yarn is almost 10 percent of the world's total.
    Solution
    The textile industry in India traditionally, after agriculture, is the only industry that has generated huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labour in textiles. The textile industry continues to be the second-largest employment generating sector in India. India has the second-largest installed capacity of spindles in the world, with 43.13 million spindles,first being China. India's share in garment trade in the world is only 4%. Our spinning mills are globally competitive and can use all the fibres we produce. But the weaving, knitting and processing units cannot use much of the high quality yarn produced in the country. India has a large share in the world trade of cotton yarn, accounting for one fourth of the total trade.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a market for Indian jute products?
    Solution
    The jute trade is centered mainly around India and the Indian State of West Bengal. The major producing country of jute is India, due to its natural fertile soil. Bengal Jute was exported to South East Asia from the 17th century by the Dutch, French and later by other Europeans. Russia is one of the main markets for Indian jute industry.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. The jute industry is facing stiff competition from synthetic substitutes and competitors.
    b. National Jute Policy was formulated in 1995.
    c. The internal demand for jute has been on the increase.
    Solution
    Challenges faced by the industry include stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. The internal demand has increased due to the Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging. In 2005, the government formulated the National Jute Policy with the objective of increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices to jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. India stands first as a world producer of sugar.
    b. India occupies the second place in the production of gur and khandsari.
    Solution
    India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of gur and khandsari. In India, Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer and second largest producer is Maharashtra.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is used to harden the steel during manufacturing?
    Solution
    Manganese is the mineral used to harden steel during manufacturing. It not only increases the hardening ability and the tensile strength but also decreases the critical cooling rate in the hardening process. This makes it the most efficient alloying element among all.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Production and consumption of which of the following is regarded as the index of a country's development?
    Solution
    Production and consumption of steel is regarded as the index of a country's development because of the following reasons: The production and consumption of iron and steel reflects the level of industrialisation and economic development of a country. All the other industries depend on it for their machinery.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0

    The fertiliser industry produces fertilisers which have a combination of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P) and potash (K). Which of the following is/are entirely imported?

    a. N
    b. P
    c. K

    Solution

    Potash is entirely imported as the country does not have any reserves of commercially usable potash or potassium compounds in any form.

  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. (STPI) Software Technology Parks of India have come up across 6 locations at different centres of India.
    b. 30 per cent of the people employed in the information technology and electronics sector are women.
    c. This industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last two or three years because of its fast growing BPO sector.
    Solution
    This statement is incorrect as (STPI) Software Technology Parks of India have come up across 46 locations at different centres of India. The major industry concentration is at 6 loctions namely: Bangalore, Noida, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune. 30 per cent of the people employed in the information technology and electronics sector are women. STPI industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last two or three years because of its fast growing Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO) sector.
  • Question 11
    1 / -0
    Treatment of industrial effluents in the water can be done in three phases. Which of the following is done in the final or the tertiary phase?
    Solution
    There are three main stages of the wastewater treatment process, aptly known as primary, secondary and tertiary water treatment. In some applications, more advanced treatment is required, known as quaternary water treatment. This stage deals with part per million to part per billion levels of contamination and often involves oxidation or fine filtration processes. Each of these stages tackles different pollutants, with water becoming cleaner as it moves through the phases. The aim of tertiary wastewater treatment is to raise the quality of the water to domestic and industrial standards, or to meet specific requirements around the safe discharge of water. In the case of water treated by municipalities, tertiary treatment also involves the removal of pathogens, which ensures that water is safe for drinking purposes. Tertiary treatment is the final cleaning process that improves wastewater quality before it is reused, recycled or discharged to the environment.
  • Question 12
    1 / -0
    Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic chemical industries. Which of the following is/are inorganic chemicals?

    a. Sulphuric acid
    b. Petrochemicals
    c. Nitric acid
    d. Caustic soda
    Solution
    An inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. Sulphuric acid, nitric acid and caustic soda are inorganic chemicals. Petrochemicals are organic chemicals.
  • Question 13
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is made with soda ash?
    Solution
    Soda ash, also known as sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), is an alkali chemical refined from the mineral trona or naturally occurring sodium carbonate-bearing brines the mineral nahcolite. Chemical producers use soda ash as an intermediate to manufacture products that sweeten soft drinks (corn sweeteners), relieve physical discomfort (sodium bicarbonate) and improve foods and toiletries (phosphates). Household detergents and paper products are a few other common examples of readily identifiable products using soda ash.
  • Question 14
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
    b. Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
    Solution
    Air pollution is mainly caused by harmful gases like sulphur dioxide, nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide. These gases mix with the fresh air from the factory discharge and smoke emitted from vehicles. Thermal pollution occurs when power plants and factories discharge hot or cold water into nearby rivers, lakes, streams, oceans or bays, causing rapidly changing water temperatures. Most marine organisms have specific temperature needs and are unable to survive sudden changes.
  • Question 15
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. Primary treatment of polluted water can be done by mechanical means which involve screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
    b. Secondary treatment can be done by biological processes.
    c. Tertiary treatment can be done by biological, chemical and physical processes which involves recycling of wastewater.
    Solution
    Primary treatment removes material that will either float or readily settle out by gravity. It includes the physical processes of screening, comminution, grit removal, and sedimentation. Secondary treatment removes the soluble organic matter that escapes primary treatment. It also removes more of the suspended solids. Removal is usually accomplished by biological processes in which microbes consume the organic impurities as food, converting them into carbon dioxide, water, and energy for their own growth and reproduction. Tertiary treatment is the final cleaning process that improves wastewater quality before it is reused, recycled or discharged to the environment. The treatment removes remaining inorganic compounds, and substances, such as the nitrogen and phosphorus.
  • Question 16
    1 / -0
    Match the following columns:

    Raw Material Manufactured Good
    a. Bauxite 1. Paper
    b. Iron ore 2. Steel
    c. Wood 3. Aluminium
    Solution

    Raw Material Manufactured Good
    a. Bauxite 3. Aluminium
    b. Iron ore 2. Steel
    c. Wood 1. Paper

    Bauxite is a rock formed from a reddish clay material called laterite soil and is most commonly found in tropical or subtropical regions. Bauxite is primarily composed of aluminium oxide compounds (alumina), silica, iron oxides and titanium dioxide.
    Steel is made from iron ore, a compound of iron, oxygen and other minerals that occur in nature. The raw materials for steelmaking are mined and then transformed into steel using two different processes: the blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace route, and the electric arc furnace route.
    Some of the most commonly used softwood trees for paper making include spruce, pine, fir, larch and hemlock, and hardwoods such as eucalyptus, aspen and birch.
  • Question 17
    1 / -0
    Which of the following industries is located in the Hugli basin of West Bengal?
    Solution
    There are about 70 jute mills in India mostly located in West Bengal along the banks of the Hugli river. Factors responsible for the location in the Hugli basin are:

    (i) Nearness of the jute producing areas.
    (ii) Low-cost water transport, supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways to help the movement of raw material to the mills.
    (iii) Abundant water for processing raw jute.
    (iv) Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.
    (v) Kolkata as an urban centre provides banking, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.
  • Question 18
    1 / -0
    In which of the following states is aluminium smelting plant not located?
    Solution
    Aluminium smelting is the second most important metallurgical industry in India. Aluminium is often turned into alloy and then used for making various products. There are 8 aluminium smelting plants in India, located in Odisha, West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. India produced over 600 million tones of aluminium in 2004.
  • Question 19
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. Sixty percent sugar mills are in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
    b. Sugar industry is seasonal in nature.
    c. The cane produced in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar has a higher sucrose content.
    Solution
    There are over 460 sugar mills in the country spread over Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat along with Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh. Sixty percent mills are in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
    Sugarcane industry is seasonal in nature. It means that it employs people for only few months in a year. It is suited to co-operative sector as sometimes both the farmers and the owners of the sugarcane mill may work together with each other to benefit one another.
    The cane produced in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar does not have a higher sucrose content, but that produced in western and southern states, specially Maharashtra, has a higher sucrose content.
  • Question 20
    1 / -0
    Organic chemicals include petrochemicals, which are used for manufacturing of which of the following?

    a. Glass
    b. Synthetic fibers
    c. Plastics
    d. Pharmaceuticals
    Solution
    Organic chemicals is a broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form. Glass is manufactured with soda ash which is an inorganic chemical. Synthetic fibers, plastics and Pharmaceuticals are made from raw materials such as petroleum, based on chemicals or petrochemicals. These materials are polymerized into a long, linear chemical with different chemical compounds and are used to produce various types of fibers.
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