India Resources & Their Utilization Test - 8

Coal accounts for 30% of the country`s commercial power requirements. Coal was responsible for a majority of electricity generation at the start of the century and was still the source for nearly half in 2008 but has fallen steadily, accounting for 30 percent last year. Natural gas powered 34 percent of the country's electricity last year, passing coal as well as nuclear.

Almost three-fourths of the deposits are located in the Damodar River Valley. Coalfields associated with the Damodar River Valley are Raniganj, Jharia, Giridih, Bokaro and Karanpura. The other river valleys associated with coal deposits are the Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha.
So, Narmada river valleys is not associated with coal deposits.

Coalmining in India first started in the Raniganj Coalfield. In 1774, John Sumner and Suetonius Grant Heatly of the British East India Company found coal near Ethora, presently in Salanpur community development block.

Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. It has a carbon content around 60–70 percent. It is mined all around the world, is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation, and is the coal which is most harmful to health.

Mumbai High is an offshore oilfield 176 kilometres (109 mi) off the coast of Mumbai, India, in about 75 m of water. The Mumbai High field annually produces oil and natural gas of about 9 million to 10 million tonnes of oil equivalent.

HVJ an abbreviation for Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur is India's first cross country gas pipeline. The project was started in 1986 after the incorporation of GAIL (India) Limited to supply gas to the fertilizer plants located in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The first phase of the project consisting of non-branched 1,750 kilometer grid was commissioned in 1997. Later on the system was expanded with additional branches to supply gas for industrial and domestic use in the states of Rajasthan, Haryana and NCT, which increased the total grid length to 3,474 km.

India has 18 public sector refineries and five refineries in the private sector/or as a joint venture, the largest refineries being RIL Jamnagar (Gujarat), RPL Jamnagar (Gugarat), MRPL Mangalore (Karnataka), CPCL Manali (Chennai, Tamil Nadu) and IOC Koyali (Gujarat).

Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.It is increasingly used as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant, replacing chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to reduce damage to the ozone layer. When specifically used as a vehicle fuel it is often referred to as autogas.Varieties of LPG bought and sold include mixes that are mostly propane (C₃H₈), mostly butane (C₄H₁₀) and, most commonly, mixes including both propane and butane.

Energy minerals are used to produce electricity, fuel for transportation, heating for homes and offices and in the manufacture of plastics. Energy minerals include coal, oil, natural gas and uranium. Industrial minerals include salt, clays, limestone, silica sand, phosphate rock, talc and mica.

Heating with wood, therefore, does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. Moreover, when wood energy displaces the use of fossil fuels, the result is a net reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. That is why , it is a non-commercial fuel.