SAT (Stage-1) Mock Test - 20

Towards the end of the tenth century Uttama Chola and finally his son Rajaraja I restored Chola power with a vengeance by extending their territorial boundaries beyond their original 'homeland'. Rajaraja vanquished the Pandyas and Cheras, conquered Sri Lanka and sacked the venerable old capital, Anuradhapura, and at the end of his reign he even captured the distant Maldive islands. The economic motive of Rajaraja behind conquering Chera, Pandya and Sri Lanka was to control the trade with south-east Asian countries and to open sea routes to China.

The first Satyagraha movement inspired by Mahatma Gandhi took place in Champaran district of Bihar and the Kheda district of Gujarat from 1917 to 1918.

In Ahmedabad, there were many textile mills. Prices had gone up and the mill workers were demanding higher wages. The mill owners would not agree. Gandhi sympathised with the workers and took up their cause. He launched a struggle and resorted to peaceful resistance. The workers proudly followed Gandhi and pledged their full support to him.

The Government of India Act, 1919 had introduced the system of diarchy to govern the provinces of British India. The Indian public clamoured for revision of this form of government and the Government of India Act, 1919 itself stated that a commission would be appointed after ten years to investigate the progress of the governance scheme and suggest new steps for reform. In the late 1920s, the Conservative government then in power in Britain feared imminent electoral defeat at the hands of the Labour Party and also feared the effects of the consequent transference of control of India to such an "inexperienced" body. Hence, it appointed seven British MPs to constitute the promised commission to examine the state of Indian constitutional affairs. Many in India were outraged and insulted that the Simon Commission, which was to determine the future of India, did not include a single Indian member. The Indian National Congress, at its December, 1927 meeting in Madras (now Chennai), resolved to boycott the Commission.

Chittaranjan Das was a leading figure in Bengal during the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1919 - 1922 and initiated the ban on British clothes, setting an example by burning his own European clothes and wearing Khadi clothes. At one time, his clothes were tailored and washed in Paris and he maintained a permanent laundry in Paris to ship his clothes to Calcutta. He sacrificed all this luxury when he became attached to the Freedom Movement. He brought out a newspaper called 'Forward' and later changed its name to 'Liberty' to fight the British Raj. He is generally referred to by the honorific as Desh Bandhu, meaning "Friend of the Nation".

Civil Disobedience Movement - 1930
Nehru report - 1928
Communal reward - 1932

The Cripps Mission failed due to Quit India Movement. The Cripps Mission was an attempt in late March, 1942 by the British Government to secure Indian cooperation and support for their efforts in World War II. The mission was headed by Sir Stafford Cripps, a senior left-wing politician and government minister in the War Cabinet of Prime Minister Winston Churchill.

Congress ministries resigned in October and November 1939 because the Government of India declared India to be at war with Germany, against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's action of declaring India to be belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the Indian people.

Individual Satyagraha was the resultant of August offer. It was started with the mass Civil Disobedience Movement. This was movement for not only to seek independence but also to affirm the right of Speech. The Congress once again asked Gandhi to take command towards the end of 1940 and that led to a mass struggle with broad strategic perspective.

The Cabinet Mission came to India aimed to discuss the transfer of power from the British government to the Indian leadership, with the aim of preserving India's unity and granting it independence. But both the Indian National Congress and Muslim League were unwilling than ever to reach a settlement. Jinnah, in order to achieve Pakistan and impose on Congress that he could not be sidelined, resorted to "direct action", which sparked rioting and massacres. Direct Action Day further increased Wavell's resolve to establish the interim government.

The earliest kind of print technology was developed in China, Japan and Korea. This was a system of hand printing. From AD 594 onwards, books in China were printed by rubbing paper – also invented there – against the inked surface of woodblocks. As both sides of the thin, porous sheet could not be printed, the traditional Chinese 'accordion book' was folded and stitched at the side.
Superbly skilled craftsmen could duplicate, with remarkable accuracy, the beauty of calligraphy.

Lord Canning served as Governor-General of India from 1856 to 1862. The important events during his tenure include – the Mutiny of 1857, which he was able to suppress successfully, Passing of Indian Councils Act, 1861, which introduced portfolio system in India, withdrawal of Doctrine of Lapse which was one of the main reasons of mutiny of 1858, introduction of Code of Criminal Procedure, enactment of Indian High Courts Act, Indian Penal Code (1858), Bengal Rent Act (1859), introduction of Income tax on experimental basis etc.

In Government of India Act, 1919, the spheres of the central and provincial governments were demarcated by a division of subjects into "central" and "provincial". The Dyarchy was for the Provincial Governments.
Second statement is incorrect because first statutory recognition of separate electorates for Muslims was contained in the Act of 1909. In 1919, the British went ahead and gave separate electorates to Sikhs, Anglo-Indians, Christians and Europeans.

"Home Charges" refer to the interest on public debt raised in England at comparatively higher rates, expenditure incurred in England by the Secretary of State on behalf of India, Annuities on account of railway and irrigation works, Indian office expenses including pensions to retired officials who had worked in India or England, pensions to army and naval officers etc.

The Tebhaga Movement was a peasant movement in the history of Bengal. It was a movement of the peasants who demanded two-thirds share of their produce for themselves and one-third share to the landlord.

Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was a socio-political organisation in British India which started with the aim of working as a mediating body between the government and people of India. It started as an elected body of 95 members elected by 6000 persons on April 2, 1870. The organisation was a precursor to the Indian National Congress, which started with its first session from Maharashtra itself.

Cattle plague or rinderpest had a terrifying impact on people's livelihoods and the local economy. It arrived in Africa in the late 1880s. The loss of cattle destroyed African livelihoods. Control over the scarce resources of cattle enabled European colonisers to conquer and subdue Africa.

The first symbol of the new era was cotton. Its production boomed in the late nineteenth century. In 1760, Britain was importing 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton to feed its cotton industry. By 1787, this import soared to 22 million pounds.