NTSE - SAT-2016

Mitochondria are involved in aerobic respiration.

Cow, being a herbivore, ingests a lot of cellulose. So, it has a special additional part in the stomach to digest cellulose present in the food.

Turgor pressure is the pressure of water against the inside wall of the plant cell. Turgor pressure causes plant cells to remain turgid.

Pancreas functions like an endocrine gland by secreting hormones and has exocrine function of secreting pancreatic juice. So, it is called dual gland.

Placenta provides nutrition to the foetus during pregnancy in human beings.

Hormones are released into the bloodstream, through which they travel to target sites. The target cell has receptors specific to a given hormone, which are activated by either a lipid-soluble (permeable to plasma membrane) or water-soluble hormone (binds to a cell-surface receptor).

Cells of meristematic tissues are actively dividing having dense cytoplasm, thin cell wall and no vacuoles.

Gill pouches are a series of paired linear pouches in chordate embryos which arise as an outgrowth of the pharynx. Star fish, being an echinoderm, does not have paired gill pouches.

In symbiotic relationship between a bacterium and a root of leguminous plants, the bacteria fixes nitrogen in the form of ammonia for the plant and the root provides carbon to the bacteria.

Biological magnification is the accumulation of chemicals from lower trophic level to higher trophic level.

Ex situ conservation - This refers to conservation of biodiversity outside their natural habitat.
Strategies include botanical gardens, zoos and DNA banks.

The warmer temperature in a glass house occurs because incident solar radiation passes through the transparent roof and walls and is absorbed by the floor, earth, and contents, which become warmer. As the structure is not open to the atmosphere, the warmed air and radiation cannot escape via convection, so the temperature inside the glass house rises.

A. Small pox is caused by a virus
B. Cholera is caused by bacteria.
C. The carrier organism of malaria is female anopheles mosquito.
D. Anaemia is caused by deficiency of iron.

These 15 progeny are of pure recessive character.
The phenotype ratio of dihybrid cross is 9 : 3 : 3 : 1. As 1 out of 16 shows wrinkled green character in Mendel's cross, 15 out of 240 will show the same recessive character.
∴ 240×1/16 = 15

Since H-atom (protium) does not contain any neutrons and the O-atom has 8 neutrons;
The number of neutrons in a water molecule = 8
Number of H₂O molecules in 5 moles = 5 × 6.022 × 10²³
Number of neutrons in 5 moles of H₂O molecules = 8 × 5 × 6.022 × 10²³ = 2.4088 × 10²⁵

Both Na and Fe are more electropositive than Cu and can displace it from its salt solution, but Na being highly reactive will react explosively with water and hence, is not used.
Moreover, the NaOH formed could undergo double displacement wih CuSO₄ to form Cu(OH)₂.
Therefore, Fe is used to displace Cu from CuSO₄.
Fe(s) + CuSO₄(aq) → FeSO₄(aq) + Cu(s)

Since the particles in A are visible to the naked eye and settle down on standing, it implies that A is a suspension.
The particles in C are not visible to the naked eye, the mixture is stable and does not show Tyndall effect. It implies that C is a solution.
The particles in B and D are not visible to the naked eye and the mixtures are stable and show Tyndall effect, so B and D are colloids.

Rutherford used an element with a high atomic mass (Au), and the α-particles that came too close to the heavy nucleus got deflected or retraced their path.
These deflections would not be observed with an aluminium foil as the mass of aluminium is much less.
Aluminium is highly malleable, but this is not the explanation for the assertion.

Magnesium being a reactive metal reacts with the atmospheric oxygen to form a layer of oxide.
Mg(s) + O₂ (g) → MgO(s)

This oxide layer may further interact with the moisture and CO₂ in the air to form a layer of basic magnesium carbonate [MgCO₃. Mg(OH)₂] on it.
Hence, the magnesium ribbon is rubbed with sand paper.

CaCO₃ (s) → CaO (s) + CO₂ (g)is thermal decomposition.
2NaHCO₃ (s) → Na₂CO₃ (s)+ H₂O(g) + CO₂ (g)is thermal decomposition.
2HgO(s) → 2Hg(s) + O₂ (g) is thermal decomposition.
Al₂O₃ (l) → Al (s) + O₂ (g) is electrolytic decomposition.

Metals react with acids to liberate H₂ gas, so X is an electropositive element.
Some metals like Al and Zn can liberate H₂ with alkalis also and their oxides are amphoteric.

X is clearly a metal (Na) and Y is a non-metal (Cl).
Z is sodium chloride (NaCl), is an ionic compound and exhibits properties like high melting point, solubility in water and brittleness.
Though ionic compounds are good conductors of electricity in their molten state and their aqueous solutions, they do not conduct electricity in their pure solid state as the ions are not free to move.

Metals (Al, Na) are good reducing agents.
Carbon is a well known reducing agent used in the extraction of many metals from their oxides.
Sulphur being a non-metal is generally used as an oxidizing agent and cannot be used as a reducing agent.

All C₁₃H₂₆O₂, C₂H₄O₂ and C₉H₁₈O₂ represent the general formula C_nH_{2n + 1}COOH.
But C₇H₁₂O₂ is unique and does not represent the general formula C_nH_{2n + 1}COOH.

Soap foam is a colloidal mixture with soap molecules as the dispersed phase and liquid water as the dispersion medium.
Since the colloidal particles are large enough to scatter all seven colours of the visible light, the light scattered by the foam particles is white.

A solenoid of finite length carrying current behaves as bar magnet. Inside the solenoid, the magnetic field lines are nearly parallel lines just like bar magnet. Outside the solenoid, magnetic field lines diverge out as we move away from the ends of solenoid just like the magnetic field lines moving away from the poles.

The force due to the magnetic field on the moving charge is always perpendicular to the direction of motion and the magnetic field (Fleming's left hand rule). As the force and the displacement of the particle are perpendicular to each other, no work is done on the charged particle, so kinetic energy of the charge particle remains the same and hence, speed remains the same.

Electric field exerts the force on the charged particle, so its velocity will change. As the velocity of the charged particle changes, linear momentum also changes.

SPEAR should be thrown at actual object which is below the image.
As the ray of light moving from denser medium to rare medium (As fish is object and it is in denser medium),
so it bends away form the normal and the image of the fish will be formed slightly above the fish. To kill the fish, we have to aim the spear below the apparent position of the fish and beam has to be aimed at apparent position of the fish. As the beam is moving from rarer medium to denser medium, it bends towards the normal.

Let the number be n.

n = 13a + 3

n + 10 = 13a + 13 = 13c ...(i)

Also, n = 21b + 11

n + 10 = 21b + 21 = 21d ...(ii)

From (i) and (ii), we get

n + 10 = 3 × 7 × 13 × e

n + 10 = 273e

Putting e = 2, we get n + 10 = 546

Or n = 536

Now, 536 = 28 × 19 + 4

Hence, the remainder is 4.

p(x) = k (x + 1)²
p (- 2) = k(- 1)²
2 = k(1)
Or, k = 2

∴ p(2) = k (x + 1)²
= 2(2 + 1)²
= 18

When rope length = 12 m, area = 1/4 π (12²) m²
When rope length = 23 m, area = 1/4 π (23²) m²
∴ Increase in area =  (23² - 12²) m²
= 1/4 × 22/7 x (23 - 12) (23 + 12) m²
= 302.5 m²

Non favourable cases = 4 (1,1,1; 2,1,1; 1,2,1; 1,1,2)
Total number of cases = 6 x 6 x 6 = 216
Number of favourable cases = 216 - 4 = 212
∴ Probability = 212/216 = 53/54 

Livre was the unit of currency.
Tithe was the tax levied by church comprising one-tenth of agricultural produce.
Taille was the tax directly paid to the state.
Manor was the estate of lords that consisted of mansion and lands.

During the 1905 Revolution, the Tsar allowed the creation of an elected consultative Parliament or Duma. For a brief while during the revolution, there existed a large number of trade unions and factory committees made up of factory workers. After 1905, most committees and unions worked unofficially, since they were declared illegal. Severe restrictions were placed on political activity. The Tsar dismissed the first Duma within 75 days.

Weimar Republic was created in 1918.
Dawes Plan - 1924
Wall Street Exchange crashed in 1929.
Gestapo was formed after 1933.

Cricket's connection with the rural past can be seen in the length of the test match. Originally, there was no time limit. The rhythms of village life were slower and cricket rules were made to fit it. Cricket was played on country commons and the size of the commons varied from one village to another, so there were no designated boundaries.

In the 17^th and 18^th centuries, merchants from towns in Europe began moving to the countryside, supplying money to peasants and artisans, persuading them to produce for the international market. Merchants could not expand production within towns as urban crafts and trade guilds were powerful; they trained craftspeople, maintained control over production, regulated competition and prices and restricted entry of new people into the trade.

Under the Colonial Forest Act, villagers were not allowed to use forest resources freely. They had to provide services or fee for gathering wood from the forest.

Treaty of Vienna - 1815
Struggle for independence among Greeks began in 1821.
In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of unified Italy.
In 1871, the Prussian king William I was proclaimed German Emperor.

A peace settlement was signed in Paris in 1974.
In 1954, Ho Chi Minh took power in North Vietnam.
The Vietnamese Communist Party was formed in 1930.
French Indo-China was formed in 1887.

The Rowlatt Act, 1919 had been passed by the Imperial Legislative Council which allowed the government to detain political prisoners without trial for 2 years. Their object was to replace the repressive provisions of the wartime Defence of India Act (1915) by a permanent law. They were based on the report of Justice S.A.T. Rowlatt's committee of 1918.

The Rowlatt Acts were much resented by an aroused Indian public. All nonofficial Indian members of the council (i.e., those who were not officials in the colonial government) voted against the acts. Mahatma Gandhi organized a protest movement that led directly to the Massacre of Amritsar (April 1919) and subsequently to his noncooperation movement (1920–22). The acts were never actually implemented.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place on 13^th April, 1919.

Scrapping of Corn Laws helped in bringing the food prices down as now food grains could be imported from other countries to meet the rising demand.

Galley - Metal frame in which types are laid and the text composed
Edo - Old name of Tokyo
Vellum - A parchment made of animal skin
Diamond Sutra is the oldest Japanese book containing six sheets of text and wood cut illustrations.

Second International was formed in 1870s.
The Russian Social Democratic Worker's Party was founded in 1898.
By 1905, Socialists and trade unionists formed a labour party in Britain and Socialist party in France.
Till 1914, Socialists could not succeed in forming a government in Europe and governments continued to be run by conservatives, liberals and radicals.
Socialists took over the government in Russia through the October Revolution, 1917.

Hitler believed that new territories had to be acquired for settlement. This would enhance the area of the mother country, while enabling the settlers on new lands to retain an intimate link with the place of their origin.

In 1921-22, during the non-cooperation movement, people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones; production of Indian textile mills went up. In the 18th century, the export market of Indian weavers collapsed and the local market shrank, being glutted with Manchester imports.

The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in March 1930. He began the movement by breaking the salt law and manufacturing salt, but gradually violent clashes took place. Mahatma Gandhi called off the disobedience movement because of widespread violence. Gandhiji was arrested in April 1930 and in revolt, industrial workers in Sholapur attacked police posts, municipal buildings, law courts and railway stations. To repress the revolt, the colonial government attacked peaceful satyagrahis and 1,00,000 people were arrested. To get out of impasse, Irwin invited Gandhi for talks and was released from jail in 1931 which led to signing of Gandhi-Irwin Pact.

The longitudinal expanse of India is responsible for the time lag of 2 hours between Gujarat and Arunachal Pradesh.

Availability of precipitation due to western temperate cyclones helps in growing of rabi crops and not kharif crops.

Based on the given latitude, the place is in J & K.

Periyar - Kerala
Kanha - Madhya Pradesh
Sariska - Rajasthan
Dachigam - J & K

Blue Revolution - Fisheries Development
Green Revolution - Food production
White Revolution - Dairy Development
Yellow Revolution - Silk Production

The availability of water resources varies over space and time in India mainly due to variations in seasonal and annual precipitation, although water scarcity is aggravated by over-exploitation and unequal access to water among different social groups.

On the basis of origin - biotic and abiotic
On the basis of exhaustibilty - renewable and non-renewable
On the basis of ownership - individual, community, national and international
On the basis of status of development - potential, developed, stock and reserves

Sher Shah Suri Marg is the NH 1. NH 7 is the longest and traverses 2369 km. Delhi and Mumbai are connected by NH 8 and NH 15 covers most of Rajasthan.

It is located in Meghalaya. Thus, it is close to Bangladesh and not Myanmar.

The Tropic of Cancer passes through both Malwa and Chotanagpur plateaus.

Coriolis force is an apparent force caused by the Earth's rotation. It is responsible for deflecting winds towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere.
The pressure and wind system of any area depend on the latitude and altitude of that place.
So both statements A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Educational qualification requirement will deprive majority of country's population from contesting elections. The most relevant point is that the MP or the MLA should be able to understand people's problems and should be able to represent their interests. It should be left to people to decide that how much importance they want to give to educational qualifications.

The 42^nd Amendment changed the description of India from a sovereign democratic republic to a sovereign socialist secular democratic republic, and also changed the words unity of the nation to unity and integrity of the nation.

The 192 members of the United Nations General Assembly have one vote each. In Security Council, IMF and World Bank, a few members have greater power than the rest.

With economic development, large scale urbanization, growth of literacy and education, occupational mobility and the weakening of the position of the landlords in the villages and old notions of caste hierarchy, caste system has undergone massive change.

The President supervises the overall fuctioning of all the institutions in the country.
The Supreme court determines the constitutionality of any action.
The Prime Minister distributes and redistributes work to all ministers. He exercises general suprevision of all ministries.
In a Cabinet, everyone may have different view but they have to own up to every decision taken by the cabinet.

Number of literate females = 340
Total number of females = 580
Female literacy rate = (340/580) x 100 = 58.6%

A doctor prescribing medicines in a clinic and cooking in a restaurant, both activities contribute towards India's national income as the citizens of India need to pay some amount of service tax for these activities.

Public sector is not included in GDP, so the GDP is 100+28+77=205.

Family A: Money required to buy food grains = 50 × 10 = 500. Money available = 600. Possesses a ration card, so it has food security.
Family B: Money required to buy food grains =30 × 10 = 300. Money available = 330. Does not possess a ration card, so it does not have food security.
Family C: Money required to buy food grains =20 × 10 = 200. Money available = 180. Does not have food security.
Family D: Money required to buy food grains =40 × 10 = 400. Money available = 400. Possesses a ration card, so it has food security.

Knowledge comes under human capital.
Physical Capital refers to a factor of production (or input into the process of production), such as machinery, buildings, or computers. So, net is a physical capital.
Land includes any natural resource used to produce goods and services. So, Sea is classified as 'Land'
Swimming is classified under Labour.