National Movement Test - 8

The Indian High Courts Act was passed by the British Parliament on the 6th August, 1861 and was titled as an act for establishing high courts of judicature in India. This legislation contained only 19 sections only.

The Regulating Act of 1773 was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain intended to overhaul the management of the East India Company's rule in India. The Act did not prove to be a long-term solution to concerns over the Company's affairs. Pitt's India Act was subsequently enacted in 1784 as a more radical reform.

All-India Muslim League, founded in 1906 which, under Muhammad Ali Jinnah, led the demand for the partition of India resulting in the creation of Pakistan.

Lord Canning (1856 - 1862):
The last Governor General and the first Viceroy.

Mutiny took place in his time.
On Nov, 1858, the rule passed on to the crown.

The Universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were established in 1857.
Indian Councils Act was passed in 1861.

After the Lucknow Pact, a British policy was announced which aimed at increasing association of Indians in every branch of the administration for progressive realisation of responsible government in India, as an integral part of the British empire. This came to be called as the August Declaration.

The Declaration were heralded as the magna Carta' of India by the early Nationalists as it were supposed to be first step towards democracy in the country.
The Assertive Nationalists criticised the Declaration as they believed that granting of self-government at slow pace will not help India politically.

The congress and the league feared that separate electorates might be demanded by the people of different races in various states.

The British Cabinet Mission of 1946 to India aimed to discuss and plan for the transfer of power from the British Government to Indian leadership, providing India with independence. Formulated at the initiative of Clement Attlee, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the mission consisted of Lord Pethick Lawrence, the Secretary of State for India, Sir Stafford Cripps, President of the Board of Trade and A. V. Alexander, the First Lord of the Admiralty.

However, Lord Wavell, the Viceroy of India, did not participate. The mission was headed by Lord Pethick Lawrence.

Equality before the law is a fundamental concept of our legal system.

All judicial officers take an oath to administer the law without fear, favour, affection or ill will. Judicial officers must treat all parties fairly regardless of gender, ethnicity, disability, sexuality, age, religious affiliation, socio-economic background, size or nature of family, literacy level or any other such characteristic. Respect and courtesy should be the hallmarks of judicial conduct. Paternalistic or patronising attitudes have no place in the court room.

Archaeological Survey of India established in 1861, is one of the Oldest Government Institution in India, with the purpose of conducting exploration and excavation, preservation of monuments, epigraphic al research and development of monuments.

The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878, under the Governor Generalship and Viceroyalty of Lord Lytton, for 'better control' of Indian language newspapers. The purpose of the act was to control the printing and circulation of seditious material, calculated to produce disaffection, which was already present against the British Government in India, in the minds of the masses.

The history of the Sanskrit College goes back to the last quarter of the eighteenth century. Under a proposal of Sri Jonathan Duncan, the Sanskrit College was established in 1791.