English, G.Science, S.Studies (Paper-1) Mock Test - 1

Comma is used to separate two or more words of the same Part of Speech.

The reporting verb is in present tense. Hence, the tense of the speech within the quotation marks will not change. The conjunction 'that' is used before the spoken words. The tense in the given sentence is present perfect and it will remain the same.

We use 'could have + past participle' when we want to make a guess about something that happened in the past. In passive voice, the construction of the sentence will be 'could have + been + past participle form of verb'.

'Exasperated' means 'annoyed or incensed'. All other words mean opposite to 'incensed'.

Dodge means to avoid someone or something by a sudden quick movement. 

The word 'perky' means 'cheerful and lively.'
'Cheerful' also means 'noticeably happy and optimistic.'

It means 'to suffer defeat or death'.

'Elegance' is the quality of being graceful. The opposite is 'graceless'.

The plural of 'virus' is 'viruses'.

'Has' will be replaced with 'have' as the subject (all) is plural.

While it was difficult to cross these frontiers, those who wanted could and did scale the mountains and cross the seas.

The correct phrase is 'hit the sack', which means 'go to bed'. The clue is provided by 'I felt tired'.

The sentence implies that she had been invited, and in spite of this she stayed at home. Option 2 best presents the contrast.

'Preheat' means 'to heat (something, especially an oven or grill) beforehand'.

'Honesty' refers to the quality of being honest.

The correct maxim is 'A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step'. This saying means that even the longest and most difficult ventures have a starting point; even these begin with one first step.

The word 'sentenced' means 'declared the punishment decided for (an offender)', while 'acquitted' means 'declared not guilty of a specific offence or crime; legally blameless'.

'Appropriate' means 'suitable or fitting'.

'Astronomical' means 'exceedingly great; enormous, i.e. exorbitant'.

'Applauded' refers to 'expressing approval of' something, while 'disapprove' means 'deem wrong or inappropriate.'

'Ambitious' refers to someone having a strong desire for success or achievement.

It is given in the passage, "Unfortunately, because of modernisation, much of Nature is now yielding to towns, roads and industrial areas." This indicates that 'Nature' refers to the trees and plants in the countryside.

The answer is in the line, "We should preserve Nature to preserve life and beauty."

The answer is in the line, "... so modern man should continue this struggle to save plants, ...". The struggle refers to the struggle to save plants or Nature. Struggle is not for conserving oxygen, but for saving plants which give oxygen.

Option 3 is correct as the passage shows a connection between Nature and our future existence.

The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System. The name describes the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye.

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is the fastest spinning planet in our Solar System rotating on average once in just under 10 hours.

Humus, formed by decomposition of the organic matter by the microbes, is present in a good amount in the top soil, which makes the soil fertile and provides nutrients for the growing plants.

As the air enters the balloon, the air (which is a gas) takes up space in the balloon. The balloon expands because the air inside needs to take up more space. This proves that air occupies space.
The compressed air in the balloon has a greater weight than the surrounding air. While the weight itself cannot be measured in this way, the experiment gives an indirect evidence that air has mass.
Air pressure or atmospheric pressure is the weight of air acting on a unit area of surface. Air exerts pressure in all directions.

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction, but itself remains unchanged.

Milk is a mixture of water, fat (also called butterfat or milkfat), and milk solids. Milk solids are made of proteins and carbohydrates.

Distilled water is the water that has been boiled into vapour and condensed back into liquid in a separate container. Impurities in the original water that do not boil below or at the boiling point of water remain in the original container. Thus, distilled water is a type of purified water.

The mass number (A), also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. It determines the atomic mass of atoms.
NOTE: The mass of an electron being negligible ( 1/1837 mass of the proton) is not taken into consideration.
Hence, the atomic mass is equal to the nuclear mass.

Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number, and consequently in nucleon number. All isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in each atom.
So, Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number, but different mass numbers and they have the same chemical properties, but differ in their physical properties.

All metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are good conductors of electricity because they contain free or mobile electrons, which help to conduct electric current. They are good conductors of heat because they have a very tightly packed structure, i.e. the neighbouring atoms are closely packed. So, the vibrations due to heat are easily transmitted from one atom to the next, and so on. Among metals, silver is the best conductor of heat, followed by copper, gold, aluminium, etc.

Prokaryotes have their genomic DNA concentrated and localized to a small area within the cell (nucleoid region). Hence, they lack a 'true' nucleus that is membrane bound.

Bacteria are prokaryotes, which consist of a single cell with a simple internal structure.
There are three basic bacterial shapes: cocci; cylindrical, capsule-shaped bacteria as bacilli; and spiral bacteria (aptly called spirilla).
Bacteria are over 100 times larger than viruses, but both can still only be seen by using a microscope.

Stars twinkle because of turbulence in the atmosphere of the Earth. As the atmosphere churns, the light from the star is refracted in different directions. This causes the star's image to change slightly in brightness and position, hence twinkle.

A dioptre is a unit of measurement of the optical power of a lens or curved mirror, which is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in metres.

This is the correct option. Vacuum cleaner converts electric energy into mechanical energy. Electrical Energy is added to the vacuum cleaner as input. This energy is converted to mechanical energy with heat energy and sound energy being wasted.

This is the correct option as this statement is false. Non-metals like graphite and gas-carbon are good conductors of electricity.

Lubricants help in reducing friction and increasing efficiency and thus, machines run more smoothly and last longer.

Dry lubricants or solid lubricants are materials that, despite being in the solid phase, are able to reduce friction between two surfaces sliding against each other without the need for a liquid oil medium. It is applied on the carom board to reduce friction.

In physics, the law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it transforms from one form to another.

Biogas typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. It can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste.

A black body is an idealized physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiations, regardless of frequency or angle of incidence.

This is the correct option. Influenza is a viral disease and cannot be cured with antibiotics.
Influenza is primarily treated with rest and fluid intake to allow the body to fight the infection on its own.

Kwashiorkor, also known as edematous malnutrition because of its association with edema (fluid retention), is a nutritional disorder most often seen in regions experiencing famine. It is a form of malnutrition caused by a lack of protein in the diet.

White revolution is related to the production of milk. Blue revolution is related to fisheries. Golden revolution is related to beekeeping. Silver revolution is related to poultry farming.

Diwani was the revenue collecting department under Mughals. Diwani rights, the power to collect revenue and administer Civil cases in Bengal, were granted to the East India Company in 1765 by Shah Alam II, the Mughal emperor of Delhi, in return for the districts of Kora and Allahabad as a tribute. This was a defining moment in that the Company was now involved for the first time in the direct administration of a province in India.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the pioneer in spreading modern education and social reforms among Muslims.
He was an Indian Muslim pragmatist, Islamic reformist, philosopher of nineteenth-century British India. He worked to promote reinterpretation of Muslim ideology in order to reconcile tradition with Western education. He established the MAO College which eventually became the Aligarh Muslim University.

Plantations were an important aspect in the history of the southern United States, particularly the antebellum (pre-American Civil War) era. The mild subtropical climate, plentiful rainfall, and fertile soils of the southeastern United States allowed the flourishing of large plantations, where large numbers of workers, usually Africans held captive for slave labor, were required for agricultural production. Tobacco was the major cash crop in the Upper South (in the original Chesapeake Bay Colonies of Virginia and Maryland, and in parts of the Carolinas). The later development of cotton and sugar cultivation in the Deep South in the early 18^th century led to the establishment of large plantations which had hundreds of slaves.

The person who established British rule in India was 'Robert Clive'. He was Commander-in-Chief of British India and privateer who established the military and political supremacy of the East India Company in Bengal.

The British Raj was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria.

Kuka Movement was founded in 1840 by Bhagat Jawahar Mal (also called Sian Saheb) in western Punjab.

Mahatma Gandhi used cloth as a symbolic weapon against the British rule. His weapons of Satyagraha were khadi and charkha. He believed in the development of cottage industries which would help indigenous industries and cut the foreign import.

During the British rule, de-industrialisation occurred in India. The term 'de-industrialisation' came into prominence in India to describe the 'process of destruction of Indian handicraft industries by competition from the products of British manufacture during the nineteenth century'. Hence, the British industrial policy in India has been rightly called the policy of de-industrialisation.

A subsidiary alliance is an alliance between a dominant nation and a nation that it dominates. The 1^st victim of the policy of subsidiary alliance of Lord Wellesley was the Nizam of Hyderabad.

Rashsundari Devi was the first Indian woman to write an autobiography and first Bengali to write an autobiography. 'Aamar Jiban' (My life), her autobiography, was published in 1876.

Alluri Sitarama Raju's rebellion took place in Gudem-Rampa tract. After the passing of 1882 Madras Forest Act, its restrictions on the free movement of tribal peoples in the forest prevented them from engaging in their traditional podu agricultural system, which involved shifting cultivation. Raju led the Rampa Rebellion of 1922 - 24, during which a band of tribal leaders and other sympathisers fought against the British Raj, which had passed the law.

Gandhi ji started publishing a weekly journal called "Harijan" on 11 February 1933 from Yerwada Jail (Poona) during British rule.

Goa remained in Portuguese hands till 1961. After failure of diplomacy with the Portuguese, Government of India ordered the Indian Armed Forces to take Goa by force. In a military operation conducted on 18 and 19 December 1961, Indian troops captured Goa with little resistance. The governor-general of Portuguese India signed an instrument of surrender.
In 1963, the Parliament of India passed the 12th Amendment Act to the Constitution of India, formally integrating the captured territories into the Indian Union. Goa, Daman and Diu became a Union Territory.

The Company's rule lasted until 1858, when, after the Indian rebellion of 1857, it was abolished. With the Government of India Act 1858, the British government assumed the task of directly administering India in the new British Raj.

The Drafting Committee was one of the eight major committees appointed by the Constituent Assembly (Proposed by M.N. Roy) and headed by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Indian constitution was formulated by the drafting committee.

Republic is a form of government or country in which power resides in elected individuals representing the citizen body and government leaders exercise power according to the rule of law. It provides for an elected Parliament. A Republic country follows the simple rule that the supreme head of the nation is elected, not selected. Not even by heredity one can be the President in India. Republic in the Indian Constitution means that the Head of the State, Hon'Ble President is elected directly or indirectly for a fixed period of five years.

Secularism in India means equal treatment of all religions by the state. With the 42^nd amendment of the Constitution of India enacted in 1976, the preamble to the Constitution asserted that India is a secular nation.

The United Nations General Assembly is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, the only one in which all member nations have equal representation, and the main deliberative, policy-making, and representative organ of the UN. Hence it is also the parliament of the United Nations.

Foreign trade in India includes all imports and exports to and from India. At the level of Central Government it is administered by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. It was introduced by the Government to grow the Indian export of goods and services, generating employment and increasing value addition in the country. The Government, through the implementation of the policy, seeks to develop manufacturing and service sectors.

Multipurpose cyclone centres provide shelter during disaster, have sophisticated equipment required for disaster management, provide training in search and rescue, first aid techniques and how to use all types of equipment, etc. So, as a preventive measure, multipurpose cyclone centres should be constructed in cyclone hit area.

The Richter scale is a scale of numbers used to tell the magnitude of earthquakes. Charles Richter developed the Richter Scale in 1935.

Tornadoes are quite rare in India.
A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud.

Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere (living and organic material), such as forests and animals, and the materials that can be obtained from them.
Abiotic resources are resources that are non-living. For example, water, minerals, metals (iron and gold), wind, solar energy etc.

Potential resources are known to exist and may be used in the future. For example, petroleum may exist in many parts of India and Kuwait that have sedimentary rocks, but until the time it is actually drilled out and put into use, it remains a potential resource.

Whanganui became the world's first natural resource to be given its own legal identity, with the rights, duties and liabilities of a legal person. It is a river in New Zealand. The river is also known by the Maoris as Te Awa Tupua. It is represented by two nominees - one appointed by the Maori community, or Iwi, and one appointed by the government.