English, G.Science, S.Studies (Paper-1) Mock Test - 5

This is direct form of narration. The reported speech has to be separated by inverted commas (" ") and we need to put a comma in between the reporting verb and the reported speech.

When the reporting verb is in past tense, the present tense of reported speech changes to past tense in indirect speech and simple past tense into past perfect. So, 'are' changes to 'was' and 'met' changes to 'had met'. 

The given sentence is in active voice and is in simple future tense.
Active: Subject + will + first form of the verb + object
Passive: Object of the active sentence + will + be + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the active sentence
The object 'tension' will be followed by 'will' and not 'shall'.
This structure is found only in option 3.

The word 'longevity' means 'the ability to last for a long time'.
'Durability' also means 'to be able to exist for a long time without significant deterioration in quality or value'.

The word 'aggravate' means to 'make very annoyed or frustrated'.

The word 'yearn' means 'desire strongly or persistently'.

The word 'cut short' means 'to end (something) earlier than expected.'

The word 'bare' means 'open to view or exposed'.
Whereas 'covered' means 'hidden from sight or knowledge'.

The plural form of the given word is 'tresses'.
'Tress' is a long lock of a woman's hair.

When a group has only two members, we use the comparative (better) instead of the superlative (best).

'Dozen' will be used as singular as it is being used as an adjective here.

Handloom weaving and the occupations associated with it provided livelihood for millions of Indians.

The correct phrase is 'thank your lucky stars'. It means 'feel grateful for one's good fortune'.

Whenever the final result is the outcome of the first action, we use conjunction 'and'.

Unturn: The word means to turn (something) in a reverse direction or to turn or twist (something) in the opposite direction.

The correct maxim is 'Hope for the best, prepare for the worst'.

'Coherent' means 'logically connected'. So, its opposite will be 'disconnected'.

The underlined word means 'no longer in existence; lost or especially having died out leaving no living representatives.'

The word 'verdict' refers to 'an opinion formed by judging something.'

'Anxious' means 'causing or fraught with or showing anxiety', while 'composed' means 'serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress'.

The word refers to someone possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching.

The writer states, "....we are to overlook some things, we are to be blind sometimes." This indicates that the writer is of the view that some offences should be overlooked.

The passage states, "...we are to overlook some thing..." This does not mean 'becoming blind, or ignoring faults of our friends, or being indifferent'. It means 'to ignore certain offences'.

It is given in the passage, "It would probably have been allowed by many of the ancients that an unforgiving temper was not to be commended."

The passage on the whole indicates that a person must have a forgiving nature and overlook certain offences. Option 4 is incorrect as it states 'always punish'. There is no mention in the passage of 'duty to forgive'. The passage does not specify being forgiving to friends only. You have to be forgiving in general, keeping your self-respect in mind.

Alpha Centauri is the closest star to the Earth after the Sun. It is actually a triple-star system — three stars bound together by gravity. Alpha Centauri A and B are two bright, closely orbiting stars with a distant, dim companion, Proxima Centauri.

Mercury is an inferior planet. Inferior planet is one whose orbit is smaller than that of the Earth. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest of our solar system. As its orbit of translation is less than that of the Earth, it is an inferior planet of this solar system.

It is correct. The topmost layer is dark in colour, and contains the remains of dead plants and animals. This rotting matter is called humus. Humus is thus a part of topsoil, not a separate layer.

Cooling down of water vapour in the air higher up in the atmosphere is known as condensation. It is the change of the physical state of matter from gas phase to liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporisation.

When things curdle, they turn from liquid gradually to solid, forming clumps along the way. Milk has sugar named 'lactose' which is responsible for curdling when it transforms to lactic acid under the action of the enzyme 'lactase' present in Lactobacillus.

pH stands for Potential of Hydrogen. If pH decreases, then concentration of H+ ions increases. (The higher the concentration of H+ ions, the lower the pH value.)

Rutherford's experiment on scattering of α-particles led to the discovery of nucleus. As per the experiment, the atom consists of centrally located positively charged nucleus. The whole mass of the atom is located in the nucleus. Around the nucleus, there is an empty space in which the negatively charged electrons revolve in different orbits. The model given by Rutherford is also known as a planetary mode of an atom.

L-shell is the second energy shell around the nucleus i.e., n = 2.
The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the second shell is given by Bohr's formula: 2n².
2 × 2² = 8

Metals are generally hard, but alkali metals like sodium and potassium are so soft that they can be cut with a knife. Aluminium, copper and gold will not break when beaten with hammer as they are hard. But potassium is soft. Therefore, it will break down when beaten with a hammer.

During complete combustion, carbon and hydrogen combine with oxygen (O₂) to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O). During incomplete combustion, part of the carbon is not completely oxidised producing soot or carbon monoxide (CO).

The rough ER differs from smooth ER in that rough ER has abundance of ribosomes on it. These are called membrane bound ribosomes and are firmly attached to the outer cytosolic side of the ER. Rough ER (RER) is involved in some protein production, protein folding, quality control and despatch.
The rough ER working with membrane bound ribosomes takes polypeptides and amino acids from the cytosol and continues protein assembly including, at an early stage, recognising a 'destination label' attached to each of them. Proteins are produced for the plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles, plant vacuoles, lysosomes, endosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum itself.

Viruses do not have cells; therefore, they do not have organelles.

Alcohol fermentation, also known as ethanol fermentation, is the anaerobic pathway carried out by yeasts in which simple sugars are converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide.

The fake puddles of water that we see on the road on a sunny day is due to an optical phenomenon called mirage which is caused due to refraction or bending of light due to differing temperature in the air above the road.

A fuse is an electrical safety device that operates to provide overcurrent protection to an electrical circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows through it, thereby interrupting the current. A fuse is a short piece of wire made up of a material of high resistivity and low melting point. Fuses are always connected in series with the component(s) to be protected from overcurrent, so that when the fuse blows (opens) it will open the entire circuit and stop current through the component(s). A copper wire cannot be used as a fuse wire because it has a high melting point. It will not melt easily when a high electric current passes through it and may damage the electrical appliances.

When two smooth surfaces slide over each other, the friction increases because the molecular forces between the molecules of the two surfaces increase. Thus, it increases the friction.

The working principle of a brake is that it creates friction between the wheel and a stationary body to stop the rotatory motion of the wheel, with respect to the surface with which the wheel is in contact. This is not the case in ships.

Kinetic energy is the energy which a body possesses by virtue of being in motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity.

These are a few disadvantages of constructing dams:

• Dams can be constructed only in a limited number of places, preferably in hilly terrains.
• Large areas of agricultural land and human habitation are to be sacrificed.
• Large ecosystems are destroyed when submerged under the water in dams.
• Release of large amounts of methane, due to submerged vegetation, which increases greenhouse effect
• Problem of rehabilitation of displaced people
• It destroys the habitat of wild animals.

Rickets is a bone disorder caused by the deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.

Weedicides are the chemicals which are sprayed over the field to get rid of weeds (unwanted plants).

Government of India Act, 1935 was passed by British Parliament in August 1935. With 321 sections and 10 schedules, this was the longest act passed by British Parliament. This act gave representation to the Indians for the first time in the legislation.

A. Truth and Non-violence are the twin concepts which seem fundamental to the whole of the social and political phi­losophy of Mahatma Gandhi.

B. Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj ("self-rule") and a strong radical in Indian consciousness. He is known for his quote in Marathi: "Swarajya is my birthright and I shall have it!".

C. Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy. His most famous quote was Dilli Chalo ("On to Delhi)!" This was the call he used to give the INA armies to motivate them.

D. Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached is a slogan popularized in the late 19th century by Indian Hindu monk Swami Vivekananda, who took inspiration in a sloka of Katha Upanishad. It was his message to the Hindus to get out of their hypnotized state of mind.

The Rowlatt Act provided for detention without trial. The Rowlatt Act passed by the British in colonial India on 10^th March, 1919, was enacted during the first world war in order to control public unrest and root out conspiracy. Passed on the recommendations of the Rowlatt Committee, named for its President, British Judge Sir Sidney Rowlatt, this Act effectively authorised the Government to imprison for a maximum period of two years, without trial, any person suspected of terrorism living in the Raj. The Rowlatt Act gave British Imperial Authorities power to deal with revolutionary activities.

Sir Thomas Roe visited India during the reign of Jahangir. From 1615 to 1618, Thomas Roe was ambassador to the court at Agra, India, of the Great Mughal Ruler, Jahangir. The principal object of the mission was to obtain protection for the East India Company's factory at Surat. At the Mughal court, Roe allegedly became a favorite of Jahangir and might have been his drinking partner. This greatly enhanced Roe's status with the Mughals.

India's first war of independence, better known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857, began on this day, May 10 in the year 1857. The first martyr of the revolt was Mangal Pandey and the war was the result of accumulation of many factors over time. The rebellion of 1857 is considered the first blow that came to shatter the British rule in India. The rebellion began on May 10, 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut.

Fort St. George is the first English fortress in India, founded in 1644 at the coastal city of Madras, the modern city of Chennai.

The Forward Bloc of the Indian National Congress was formed on 3^rd May, 1939, by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, who had resigned from the presidency of the Indian National Congress on 29^th April.

The British action was seen as a violation of the principle of self-determination and a deliberate insult to the self-respect of the Indians. At its Madras session in 1927, presided over by Dr. M. A. Ansari, the National Congress decided to boycott the Commission at every stage and in every form.

Madam Cama was born on 24 September 1861 in Bombay. She was an outstanding lady of great courage, fearlessness, integrity, perseverance and passion for freedom. She is considered as the mother of Indian revolution because of her contributions to Indian freedom struggle.

Lord Ripon is known to have granted the Indians first taste of freedom by introducing the Local Self Government in 1882. His scheme of local self government developed the Municipal institutions which had been growing up in the country ever since India was occupied by the British Crown.

Lord Ripon repealed the Vernacular Press Act of 1878 passed by Lord Lytton by Act III of 1882 and thus news papers published in vernacular languages were allowed equal freedom with the rest of the Indian Press. This action of Ripon went a long way in conciliating public opinion. Hence, it is wrongly matched.

As a member of the Legislative Council, Gokhale put forward a proposal for introducing compulsory education in 1910. But the Government tactfully avoided his demand for which Gokhale again reiterated his demand in the form of a Bill in 1911. While rejecting Gokhale's bill of 1911, the Government promised to extend recurring and non-recurring grants to primary education as it could not ignore the growing popular demand for the spread of primary education. The education department had declared the new policy in the form of Government of India Resolution on February 21, 1913 covering primary, secondary, higher and women education.

Subhash Chandra Bose was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left an ambivalent legacy. He gave the famous slogan: "Give me blood and I will give you freedom".

Mahatma Gandhi was the President of Indian National Congress only once in 1924. The Indian National Congress (INC) is one of the two major parties in the political system of Republic of India. The President of the Indian National Congress is the elected head of the party responsible for managing the party's relationship with the general public, developing and communicating party policy especially on election platforms.

The Indian National Army was an armed force formed by Indian nationalist Rash Behari Bose in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II. Rash Behari Bose handed over INA to Subhash Chandra Bose. It was revived under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose after his arrival in Southeast Asia in 1943.

The National Anthem of India Jana-Gana-Mana, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24^th January, 1950.

The republican form is defined as one in which the powers of sovereignty are vested in the people and are exercised by the people, either directly or through representatives chosen by the people to whom those powers are specially delegated.

The President of India is the Ceremonial Head of State of India and the Commander-In-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces. A President must be:

(i) A citizen of India
(ii) Of 35 years of age or above
(iii) Qualified to become a member of the Lok Sabha

An international non-governmental organisation (INGO) is a type of non-governmental organisation (NGO) that is international in scope and has outposts around the world to deal with specific issues in many countries.

FDI in multi-brand retail trading in India is still capped at 51 per cent. The government has no proposal to change the existing foreign direct investment (FDI) policy in the multi-brand retail trading sector.

Circum-Pacific belt (Ring of Fire) is most susceptible to earthquakes. Around 90% of the world's earthquakes and 80% of the world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire.

When there is enough pressure, the volcano erupts. The materials include lava, steam, gaseous sulphur compounds, ash and broken rock pieces.

Floods are the most common natural disaster in India. The heavy southwest monsoon rains cause the Brahmaputra and other rivers to distend their banks, often flooding surrounding areas. Almost all of India is flood-prone, and extreme precipitation events, such as flash floods and torrential rains, have become increasingly common in central India over the past several decades, coinciding with rising temperatures.

Tropical rainforest are found in Odisha state, Shillong Plateau, Karnataka and Kerala but not in Maharashtra.
Tropical rainforests are forests near the equator that receive over 100 inches of rain a year and maintain high average temperatures. They are also known for their ability to support a large number of plant and animal species, making them the biome with the highest species richness.
Tropical Rainforests of India are found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Western Ghats, which fringe the Arabian Sea, the coastline of peninsular India, and the greater Assam region in the north-east.

Gulf of Khambhat has the potentiality of harnessing tidal power. The best places for the tidal energy development are Gulf of Kutch and the Gulf of Khambhat. It is estimated that the country can produce 7000 MW of power in the Gulf of Khambhat in Gujarat, 1200 MW of power in the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat.