English Language Test

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English Language Test - 6

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
4 / -1

Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:

Archaeologists seeking the location of a legendary siege and destruction of city are excavating in several possible places, including middle and a lower layer of a large mound. The bottom of the middle layer contains some pieces of pottery of type 3, known to be from a later period than the time of the destruction of the city, but lower layer does not.

The force of the evidence cited above is most seriously weakened if which of the following is true?

A
Gerbils, small animals long native to the area, dig large burrow into which objects can fall when the burrows collapse.

B
Pottery of types I and 2, found in the lower level, was used in the cities from which, according to the legend, the besieging forces came.

C
Several pieces of stone from a lower-layer well have been found incorporated into the remains of a building in the middle layer.

D
Both the middle and lower layers show evidence of large-scale destruction of habitations by fire.

Solution

Choice A provides a way for an object from a higher, thus more recent, layer to get into a lower, older layer. If the lower layer is dated by such an object, that layer’s age will be underestimated. Choice A suggests that it is possible that the type 3 pottery ended up in an older layer than is chronologically appropriate. The evidence cited leaves open what B and F suggest: that the lower layer represents the period of the siege. B is thus not contrary to the evidence cited. Choice C shows that materials from an earlier period may be reused in a later period. The question raised by the evidence cited, however, is whether materials from a later period can end up in a layer that dates from an earlier period. D is additional evidence of a neutral kind. Therefore, A is the best answer.
Question 2
4 / -1

Directions For Questions

Way back in 1986, Rajiv Gandhi launched the Ganga Action Plan. But years later, after much water (sewage) and money have flowed down the river, it is as bad as it could get. Why are we failing, and what needs to be done differently to clean this and many other rivers? According to recent estimates by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), faecal coliform levels in the mainstream of the river - some 2,500 kilometres from Gangotri to Diamond Harbour - remain above the acceptable level in all stretches, other than its upper reaches. Even in the highly oxygenated upper stretches, faecal coliform levels, though within acceptable levels, are increasing in places like Rudraprayag and Devprayag, suggesting inadequate flow for dilution.

Pollution hot spots, the mega- and fast-growing cities along the river, are grimmer. According to the CPCB's monitoring data, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels are high downstream of Haridwar, Kannauj and Kanpur, and peak at Varanasi. But what is worrying is that pollution is getting worse in all the stretches. This is not surprising given that, all along this heavily populated stretch, freshwater intake from the river is increasing. Water is drawn for agriculture, industry and cities, but only waste is returned to the river. Over the years, funds allocated for cleaning the Ganga have been used to create infrastructure, without much attention to their use and efficacy. Most cities do not have the infrastructure to convey the sewage to the treatment plant; and most cities certainly do not have the money to run the plant.

...view full instructions

The tone of the author of the passage can be said to be:

A
deeply cynical

B
demanding urgent action

C
fiercely critical

D
both options b and c

Solution

In the given case, the author of the passage is extremely critical of how affairs have been handled with respect to the Ganga (this makes option c the correct answer) and in this criticism, we can also spot the urgent need for action that the author subtly implies right through the passage. This makes option d the correct answer in the given case.
Question 3
4 / -1

Directions For Questions

Way back in 1986, Rajiv Gandhi launched the Ganga Action Plan. But years later, after much water (sewage) and money have flowed down the river, it is as bad as it could get. Why are we failing, and what needs to be done differently to clean this and many other rivers? According to recent estimates by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), faecal coliform levels in the mainstream of the river - some 2,500 kilometres from Gangotri to Diamond Harbour - remain above the acceptable level in all stretches, other than its upper reaches. Even in the highly oxygenated upper stretches, faecal coliform levels, though within acceptable levels, are increasing in places like Rudraprayag and Devprayag, suggesting inadequate flow for dilution.

Pollution hot spots, the mega- and fast-growing cities along the river, are grimmer. According to the CPCB's monitoring data, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels are high downstream of Haridwar, Kannauj and Kanpur, and peak at Varanasi. But what is worrying is that pollution is getting worse in all the stretches. This is not surprising given that, all along this heavily populated stretch, freshwater intake from the river is increasing. Water is drawn for agriculture, industry and cities, but only waste is returned to the river. Over the years, funds allocated for cleaning the Ganga have been used to create infrastructure, without much attention to their use and efficacy. Most cities do not have the infrastructure to convey the sewage to the treatment plant; and most cities certainly do not have the money to run the plant.

...view full instructions

The author of the passage is likely to agree with the statement that:

A
The Ganga Action Plan has not the kind of institutional support it needed to be effective.

B
The Ganga Action Plan has tried its best to solve the problem but has not succeeded completely.

C
The Ganga Action Plan was not competent enough in the first place to solve the problem of the River Ganga.

D
The Ganga Action Plan has not worked the way it was envisaged and has effectively failed.

Solution

The one clear-cut conclusion that we can draw about the Ganga Action Plan is that it has failed; whether it was competent in the first place or it tried to solve the problem is something that we cannot be certain about from the given context of passage (helps us rule out options b and c). Also, there is no mention of institutional support in the passage. Thus, we are left with only one option as the correct answer in this case.
Question 4
4 / -1

Directions For Questions

Way back in 1986, Rajiv Gandhi launched the Ganga Action Plan. But years later, after much water (sewage) and money have flowed down the river, it is as bad as it could get. Why are we failing, and what needs to be done differently to clean this and many other rivers? According to recent estimates by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), faecal coliform levels in the mainstream of the river - some 2,500 kilometres from Gangotri to Diamond Harbour - remain above the acceptable level in all stretches, other than its upper reaches. Even in the highly oxygenated upper stretches, faecal coliform levels, though within acceptable levels, are increasing in places like Rudraprayag and Devprayag, suggesting inadequate flow for dilution.

Pollution hot spots, the mega- and fast-growing cities along the river, are grimmer. According to the CPCB's monitoring data, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels are high downstream of Haridwar, Kannauj and Kanpur, and peak at Varanasi. But what is worrying is that pollution is getting worse in all the stretches. This is not surprising given that, all along this heavily populated stretch, freshwater intake from the river is increasing. Water is drawn for agriculture, industry and cities, but only waste is returned to the river. Over the years, funds allocated for cleaning the Ganga have been used to create infrastructure, without much attention to their use and efficacy. Most cities do not have the infrastructure to convey the sewage to the treatment plant; and most cities certainly do not have the money to run the plant.

...view full instructions

Which of the following is likely to strengthen what the author is highlighting about the current state of the river?

A
The amount of sewage that is estimated for treatment (for cities discharging waste into the Ganga)is wide of the mark.

B
The Ganga Action Plan committee consists of politicians alone.

C
The Ganga Action Plan committee consists of environmental scientists alone.

D
In India, the cost of treating dirty water is unaffordable.

Solution

What does the author say about the current state of the river? In the simplest possible words, it is terrible right now. Which option makes it even worse? Option a, which talks about the amount of waste being discharged into Ganga. Option a effectively implies that a far greater amount of waste is being discharged than it should be. Options b and c have no impact on the state of the river, and we cannot clearly outline the impact of either committee on the state of river (which is related to the pollution levels and not the members of the committee). Option d is irrelevant in the given case.
Question 5
4 / -1

In each of the following questions, the answer choices suggest alternative arrangements of four sentences A, B, C and D. Choose the alternative which suggests a coherent paragraph.

A. To have settled one's affairs is a very good preparation to leading the rest of one's life without concern for the future.

B. When I have finished this book I shall know where I stand.

C. One does not die immediately after one has made one's will; one make's one's will as a precaution.

D. I can afford then to do what I choose with the years that remain to me.

A
DBAC

B
CABD

C
BDAC

D
CBDA

Solution

C introduces the idea of making a will, A. gives a reason for doing so, B. and D. exemplify it through an example from author's life.
Question 6
4 / -1

In each of the following questions, the answer choices suggest alternative arrangements of four sentences A, B, C and D. Choose the alternative which suggests a coherent paragraph.

A. It is sad that India has always been in a hurry to conform to the western thought, especially the American.

B. Even the smaller countries have the guts to take a firm contrarian stand if they feel the policies happen to compromise their country's interest.

C. It’s one thing to sprout theories on liberalization, and entirely another to barter the interests of the nation in its name.

D. In this case too, while a large number of countries are yet to ratify the GATT, India has not only ratified the treaty, but is also preparing to amend the Patents Act.

A
CABD

B
DCAB

C
CBDA

D
BDCA

Solution

C introduces the topic of the passage, A. states how India is doing what C. has warned against. B. compares India's attitude with that of the smaller countries and D. refers to a specific case to prove the point.
Question 7
4 / -1

From the alternatives, choose the one which correctly classifies the four sentences as a

F: Fact: If it relates to a known matter of direct observation, or an existing reality or something known to be true.

J: Judgment: If it is an opinion or estimate or anticipation of common sense or intention.

I: Inference: If it is a logical conclusion or deduction about something based on the knowledge of facts.

A. The Manager definitely took the wrong step.

B. Under the circumstances, he had many other alternatives.

C. The Director is embarrassed due to the Manager's decision.

D. If he has put the company in jeopardy, the Manager must resign.

A
JFFI

B
IFJI

C
FFJI

D
IFIJ

Solution

A presents a judgement on part of the author. B & C present facts and D presents a logical conclusion based on the facts.
Question 8
4 / -1

The story of our world is a story that is still very imperfectly known. A couple of hundred years ago men possessed the history of little more than the last three thousand years. What happened before that time was a matter of legend and speculation. Over a large part of the civilized world it was believed and taught that the world had been created suddenly in 4004 B.C., though authorities differed as to whether this had occurred in the spring or autumn of that year. This fantastically precise misconception was based upon a too literal interpretation of the Hebrew Bible, and upon rather arbitrary theological assumptions connected therewith. Such ideas have long since been abandoned by religious teachers, and it is universally recognized that the universe in which we live has to all appearances existed for an enormous period of time and possibly for endless time. Of course there may be deception in these appearances, as a room may be made to seem endless by putting mirrors facing each other at either end. But that the universe in which we live has existed only for six or seven thousand years may be regarded as an altogether exploded idea. The earth, as everybody knows nowadays, is a spheroid, a sphere slightly compressed, orange fashion, with a diameter of nearly 8,000 miles. Its spherical shape has been known at least to a limited number of intelligent people for nearly 2,500 years, but before that time it was supposed to be flat, and various ideas which now seem fantastic were entertained about its relations to the sky and the stars and planets.

It can be inferred from the passage:

A
Man was silly with assumptions about how the world worked.

B
Some of our generalizations about the story of our world were derived from theological resources.

C
Religion teachers acted as scientists in the early part of human history.

D
The exact age of the universe can never be known.

Solution

Option a makes the mistake of quoting ‘how the world worked’. Now we do not what this specifically refers too and this is too broad a generalization to make in the given case.

Option b can be inferred from the example of the Bible given in the passage.

Option c can be negated easily. Some early conceptions were definitely derived from religion but we cannot say that religion teachers were scientists.

Option d is a far-fetched conclusion that we cannot be sure about. The exact age of the universe is not known but can it be never known? This is something that we cannot say for sure.
Question 9
4 / -1

The story of our world is a story that is still very imperfectly known. A couple of hundred years ago men possessed the history of little more than the last three thousand years. What happened before that time was a matter of legend and speculation. Over a large part of the civilized world it was believed and taught that the world had been created suddenly in 4004 B.C., though authorities differed as to whether this had occurred in the spring or autumn of that year. This fantastically precise misconception was based upon a too literal interpretation of the Hebrew Bible, and upon rather arbitrary theological assumptions connected therewith. Such ideas have long since been abandoned by religious teachers, and it is universally recognized that the universe in which we live has to all appearances existed for an enormous period of time and possibly for endless time. Of course there may be deception in these appearances, as a room may be made to seem endless by putting mirrors facing each other at either end. But that the universe in which we live has existed only for six or seven thousand years may be regarded as an altogether exploded idea. The earth, as everybody knows nowadays, is a spheroid, a sphere slightly compressed, orange fashion, with a diameter of nearly 8,000 miles. Its spherical shape has been known at least to a limited number of intelligent people for nearly 2,500 years, but before that time it was supposed to be flat, and various ideas which now seem fantastic were entertained about its relations to the sky and the stars and planets.

The author of the passage is most likely to agree with:

A
man has unraveled few of the mysteries of the world.

B
man has unraveled most of the mysteries of the world.

C
man has unraveled some of the mysteries of the world.

D
man has unraveled not many of the mysteries of the world.

Solution

Refer to the lines: The story of our world is a story that is still very imperfectly known. A couple of hundred years ago men possessed the history of little more than the last three thousand years. What happened before that time was a matter of legend and speculation.

This is a tricky question. All you need to identify is the correct modifier word in the given case from the following: few, most, some and not many.

How many mysteries has man unraveled? Some for sure but how many is a question that cannot be answered. We cannot be sure whether these are few or many, and thus the safest approach in this case is selecting option c as the correct answer.
Question 10
4 / -1

The story of our world is a story that is still very imperfectly known. A couple of hundred years ago men possessed the history of little more than the last three thousand years. What happened before that time was a matter of legend and speculation. Over a large part of the civilized world it was believed and taught that the world had been created suddenly in 4004 B.C., though authorities differed as to whether this had occurred in the spring or autumn of that year. This fantastically precise misconception was based upon a too literal interpretation of the Hebrew Bible, and upon rather arbitrary theological assumptions connected therewith. Such ideas have long since been abandoned by religious teachers, and it is universally recognized that the universe in which we live has to all appearances existed for an enormous period of time and possibly for endless time. Of course there may be deception in these appearances, as a room may be made to seem endless by putting mirrors facing each other at either end. But that the universe in which we live has existed only for six or seven thousand years may be regarded as an altogether exploded idea. The earth, as everybody knows nowadays, is a spheroid, a sphere slightly compressed, orange fashion, with a diameter of nearly 8,000 miles. Its spherical shape has been known at least to a limited number of intelligent people for nearly 2,500 years, but before that time it was supposed to be flat, and various ideas which now seem fantastic were entertained about its relations to the sky and the stars and planets.

What is the summary of the passage?

A
Mankind possessed some very silly ideas about the origin of this world and these have been challenged by science.

B
Men possessed misconception and ideas about the world that lacked logic and precision, ideas that have been dispelled or abandoned.

C
Man did not have the scientific tools he needed to correctly infer the mysteries of nature.

D
The mysteries of nature have started to uncloak themselves, and with the help of science, we would soon have the answers to many unanswered questions.

Solution

What does the author of the passage do? He first mentions a few of the misconceptions/incorrect ideas held by mankind of certain generations, and then goes on to explain how these have been dispelled. This explanation helps us identify option b as the correct answer. The problem with option a is that it mentions that science has been used to challenge these silly ideas; though this may be true but it does not find mention in the passage. Option c again carries a mistake similar to option b. Option d is illogical in the given context and finds no co-relation with the passage.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

English Language Test - 6

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English Language Test - 6

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Gerbils, small animals long native to the area, dig large burrow into which objects can fall when the burrows collapse.

Pottery of types I and 2, found in the lower level, was used in the cities from which, according to the legend, the besieging forces came.

Several pieces of stone from a lower-layer well have been found incorporated into the remains of a building in the middle layer.

Both the middle and lower layers show evidence of large-scale destruction of habitations by fire.

Solution

Question 2

deeply cynical

demanding urgent action

fiercely critical

both options b and c

Solution

Question 3

The Ganga Action Plan has not the kind of institutional support it needed to be effective.

The Ganga Action Plan has tried its best to solve the problem but has not succeeded completely.

The Ganga Action Plan was not competent enough in the first place to solve the problem of the River Ganga.

The Ganga Action Plan has not worked the way it was envisaged and has effectively failed.

Solution

Question 4

The amount of sewage that is estimated for treatment (for cities discharging waste into the Ganga)is wide of the mark.

The Ganga Action Plan committee consists of politicians alone.

The Ganga Action Plan committee consists of environmental scientists alone.

In India, the cost of treating dirty water is unaffordable.

Solution

Question 5

DBAC

CABD

BDAC

CBDA

Solution

Question 6

CABD

DCAB

CBDA

BDCA

Solution

Question 7

JFFI

IFJI

FFJI

IFIJ

Solution

Question 8

Man was silly with assumptions about how the world worked.

Some of our generalizations about the story of our world were derived from theological resources.

Religion teachers acted as scientists in the early part of human history.

The exact age of the universe can never be known.

Solution

Question 9

man has unraveled few of the mysteries of the world.

man has unraveled most of the mysteries of the world.

man has unraveled some of the mysteries of the world.

man has unraveled not many of the mysteries of the world.

Solution

Question 10

Mankind possessed some very silly ideas about the origin of this world and these have been challenged by science.

Men possessed misconception and ideas about the world that lacked logic and precision, ideas that have been dispelled or abandoned.

Man did not have the scientific tools he needed to correctly infer the mysteries of nature.

The mysteries of nature have started to uncloak themselves, and with the help of science, we would soon have the answers to many unanswered questions.

Solution

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